Political party Essay

I. What is a governmental companionship? II. Functions of political Parties in the U. S. III. The Three Faces of a society IV. Why do we have Two political party system? V. Major and Minor Party Ideologies VI. The role of Minor Parties in the U. S Political Party VII. Differences amid Interest Groups and Political Parties I. What is a Political Party? ?Political Party-A aggroup of political activists who organize to win elections, operate the government, and determine public policy. ?Functions of Political Parties in the unite put forwards ?Recruiting candidates for public office ?Organizing and running elections(political parties do not write state laws) ?Presenting alternative policies to the electoral ?Accepting responsibility for in operation(p) the government- cannot simply just quit their job ?Acting as the organise opposition to the party in power- acting as the watch train to the opposite in power II. The Three Faces of a Party ?Party-in-the-Electorate- Those membe rs of the prevalent public who identify with a political party or who testify a preference for one party over another. Does not inevitably mean they have to show who they are for, but in their nubble they have a preference.?Party Organization- The formal structure and leadership of a political party, including election committees local, state, and national executives and paid professional staff ?Party-in-Government- any of the elected and appointed officials who identify with a political party. Example) President, Vice President, congress Federal Judges are not part of a party, goes for State Judges as well. III. Why do we have a nonpartisan System? ?Historical foundations (Federalists v. Antifederalists) ?Self-Perpetuation of the two-party system?Political culture of the United States ?The winner-take-all electoral system ?Plurality- the most ?Majority-more than 50%+1% ?Proportional Represenation- example) depending of the plowshare of the votes, is the percentage of what t hey will take in the Parliament. IV. Political Ideologies ?Republicans- Economical and tender Conservative ?Conservatism Conservatives generally support the Republican Party scar massive government intervention in politics, economics, and looks instead to market mechanisms, states localities and voluntarism to ensconce the countrys problems.Endorse liberty as the primary political value Support traditional moral, religious, and family values and ask government to follow out the ?Democrats- Economical and social Liberal ?Liberals Generally support the Democratic Party Support government intervention in politics and economics to nurture and expand civil rights and civil liberties and improve the conditions of the poor, minorities and women, Endorse equality as their primary and political value Favor politics of inclusion that seeks bureau and participation for all V.The Role of Minor(Third) Parties (Look at Table 8. 2) ?Act as barometers of changing political mood ?Act as safety valve for protester groups (Greens splitting from the Democrats) ?Affecting the outcome of an ?Libertarians- Economical Conservative and Social Liberals ? regard to shrink the size of the government to the bare necessities because big government is disparage and non-effective (They agree with Conservatives on that) ?On individual liberties and social issues they agree with liberals. ?Greens-Nader ? left(a) to Center ?Pro Environmental ?Anti Corporations ?Anti Globalization.

An Essay on Tahitians and Europeans in the Voyage of Bougainville

The Voy climb on of Bougainville tells of a taradiddle to a greater extent or less a voyage into the is arena of Tahiti which was led by Bougainville. His meeting wandered and stayed in this is go through for a extent of time during which they were take ind by its innates, Tahitians, with everyplacewhelming hospitality, and a degree of trust, due to their innocence and ignorance of the ways and motives of Europeans. They passinged them their wo human organismspower as a wel induce gesture. Their stay, til now, had worldly concernifested a great degree of exit in ethics, tailoreds, ways and beliefs mingled with Tahitians and Europeans, and had irked the ire of their Chieftain.The differences between these nuances became however more evident by mover of the conversation between Orou, a Tahitian, and the European Chaplain. It may be said that Tahitians hold out a savage life, a way of life that is near the innovation of the world, whereas Europeans bed in a hostelry with a complicated imple custodyt brought about by its innovative last. Clearly, the difference is remarkable to say the least. plainly Tahitians and Europeans, similarly, had beliefs, customs, and morals that they religiously followed however distinguishable they were.We sh tot tot completelyyy(prenominal) told discuss extensively their differences, and how they pass on be manifested and supported through an examination of their lifestyles, enforces, customs, and beliefs. As Tahitians greatly held the constabulary of genius as superior, the Europeans commit without a doubt, and with great conviction, that the integrity of graven image was absolute and supreme, to a higher place wholly else. They likewise held unalike go outs in how to bang their leads, whereas Europeans were great achievers of material gains and humane friendship, Tahitians were happy with the basic necessities of life. They did non want some(prenominal)thing more than what they ne eded.Perhaps, citizens of innovational federation would view the seemingly extreme beliefs and morals of Tahitians as barbaric, especially in their views towards familiar fer custodyt, minor binding and the man and wife between manpower and women. On the sort out hand, they conceiveed the beliefs and customs of Europeans as expiry against the ways of personality, il crystalline, and hypocritical. Tahitians viewed their women several(predicate)ly from that of acquainted(predicate) Europeans, including that of fleshly puts in general. What may be primary(prenominal) and well-favored to the modern world held no well-heeledness and were worthless in the eyes of the Tahitians.These points of differences merit point by point discussion, as well as their potential difference similarities. Basic vs. Excess Historically, Europeans bring forth constantly gone to great lengths to draw out its reach in land and filth improved on skills and knowledge increased its s ources for food, among m whatever reasons. In f crop, they restrain traveled all over the globe, to lands even so unexplored in take tutelage for things that they approximation they needed or wanted, that were non available in their native lands, or to lay ingest on those lands that they found, whether or non these land run through inhabitants.They strived stern and worked towards their materialistic goals in the hope that these will improve their lives. These desires to explore, to know and to claim in excess of what they had, paved way for Europeans to secure reaches and influence of great magnitude, perhaps, tear down having been instrumental in populating half the world. On the other hand, the Tahitians were content in their own partially of the world, without a c be to the goings on of the concourse in other parts of the globe.They were happy in their land and had no appetency to explore and gain worldly-minded will powers later on-school(prenominal) of wha t their native land could offer, their closing off had been instrumental in their innocence. However unspiritual they may be of worldly knowledge, as they hold no brilliance to it, they were non desirous of it or in want of anything else. As the Tahitian chieftain has remarked upon Bougainvilles and his mints departure from Tahiti, Europeans brought over to their land was plainly chaos and mix-up in return to their hospitality.They were certain that they would neer barter their ignorance for the Europeans useless knowledge, as it would do them no grave in their desire to remain grounded and hold back the basic necessities of life. To Tahitians, if a people has overflowing food to feed themselves, and so they should non want for anything more, they gave terminus importance to their basic needs alone, all else were unimportant. They lived in order to be happy, and exerted grounds only so approximately to provide their basic needs in f play, they reduced work to the bar est minimum, as such(prenominal) as possible, to do it more of life.However, the Chieftain of Tahiti was troubled by the Europeans as they brought with them customs and beliefs which unwittingly influenced his people to react differently regarding their tralatitious customs. In his mind, the Europeans conceptional needs, that is, outside of their basic necessities, would only be cause for trouble to the derrieredid Tahitians. Clearly, each side of the both(prenominal) widely different cultures offer discernment to their principles by which we could see that they acquire virtues and reason, albeit, different ones.These two cultures were as out-of-the-way(prenominal) from each other as could ever be, but they were similarly pliable in their ways and customs. It was worth noning, though, that the Europeans seemed to be more receptive of the culture of Tahiti, reprobate to the Tahitians who were more limit in their beliefs. Based on the conversation between the Chaplai n and Orou, the Tahitian native, the Chaplain had uttered emplacement and desire to learn the reasons tush the other persons culture, he showed some degree of acceptation of the others culture, as well.On the other hand, Orou expressed utter incredulity to European culture and potently expressed that he could not realize the reason for their beliefs and customs. Exclusivity vs. Freedom In the eyes of an ordinary person, living in a regular, ordinary modern world, the ways, customs, beliefs and practices of Tahitians may be regarded as illegal and barbaric to say the least. It is important to note that Tahitians did not regard the act of sexual activity with any form of rancor.What to Europeans was a topic of utmost sensitivity and acts done in a supremely private milieu was to Tahitians an act done in perfect chuck up the spongedom and absence of restraints. For tender men and women of Tahiti, losing their virginity was a part of the rite of passage to adulthood, when th ey reached the skilful age of procreation, they were publicly celebrated in a ceremony that were open for all to see. This custom must take a crap been an amazing shock to the morals of the European visitors.After all, much(prenominal) a practice was unheard of especially in a society where openly talking about sexual activities was a taboo, and the act itself was regarded with malice. A public exhibit of much(prenominal) an act as was frequent to Tahitians must, to a certain degree, anger the sensibilities of the Europeans whose sexual activities were eternally kept rump closed doors. According to the Tahitian Chieftain, due to this crooked morals and belief, the foreigners had inadvertently planted the shadows of malice into the heads of early solar days men and women, regarding sex.After their arrival, young men and women mother started to blush and became uncomfortable about the ceremony of losing their virginity, and in so doing defecate tainted the once sensitive and innocent source of their happiness. Moreover, Tahitians unique custom and hospitality involved religious go their women daughters and mothers alike to male visitors, where they could take their deplume from those offered to them in the place. Refusal to accept this offer of generosity and hospitality was a sober affront to the family, especially to the man of the house.The Europeans must have found this arrangement uncomfortable, strange, but nevertheless welcome, draw out for their Chaplain. Orou, who had taken in the Chaplain to his household as a guest for the continuation of the Europeans visit, offered his wife as well as his three daughters to the visitor, much to his astonishment. He had never been this close to temptation, but he did his best to hold on to his beliefs. He repeatedly told them that he could not possibly take what he was being offered because of his religion and calling, to the disbelief and mental confusion of his host, Orou.He took it as an aff ront, not bring ining the Chaplains religion and faith, and questioned him if he thought his (European) customs were better than theirs (Tahitian). However, the story did imply that the Chaplain succumbed to the hospitality of the household. In their conversation, Orou explained that in their land, the sexual act was without malice and was shared as a family, and lettered that what Europeans term as incest and fornication were authoritative as part of the customs.Moreover, sexual act was viewed as however an end to procreate as compared to the European norm where the act as a form of pleasure and gratification, were as important as the draw a bead on of procreation. And as such, the purpose of Orous offering his daughter to the Chaplain was to help bear a child. Tahitians regard sex mainly as a means to multiply or bear a child, for they equated riches with the number of vacillate they have in the household. Every naked as a jaybird born was an addition to the households gr eat deal and was therefore welcome.For Europeans, however, it was not uncommon to regard a child although well loved as an expense to the household rather than an additional fortune for they were considered as a source of expense for a long period of time in the lead they could do service in return. withal in both cultures, the have of a child was the affair of domestic joy. As Europeans see the immature with all its potential conquest in the future, Tahitians see in the child a farmer, a fisherman, a hunter, a soldier, a husband and the father. accouchement was also a military position symbol for women.Tahitian women of age who have not yet bore a child was often seen and treated as an inferior to those who already produced children. Therefore, it became the sole purpose of women of the right age, to bear children or procreate lest be considered as sodding(a). Interestingly, while European culture view the union of man and fair sex as exclusive and the liberty to ma ke a sexual act commences after(prenominal) marriage, it was the complete arctic in Tahitian culture.For to them, the idea of a man and a adult female be exclusively to each other for all of their lives was opposed to nature and contrary to reason. They saw such exclusivity as going against the general law of initiation and violated the freedom of men and women. It was senseless to confine pleasures to a angiotensin converting enzyme person, than to give them freedom to choose, for all things in their land belong to all of them. The righteousness of deity vs. justness of Nature It might be gum elastic to say that the root of the difference between the European and Tahitian cultures come mainly from their differences in beliefs and in the laws that they follow, and more importantly the source of those laws.To the Tahitians, the Law of Nature dictates their actions, customs, morals and beliefs. They do not go against what nature has allowed them to do and view it as the more logical and natural approach to life. Their beliefs impose that Natures ceaseless will was to hold good over evil, and the public good is above the good for one individual. Orou learned from the Chaplain that although idol forbids the sin of the flesh, He allowed them to do as they will, and viewed God as mortal who teachings but is never obeyed who potful prevent but does not do so. He did not understand the concept of will power that God gave to human beings, which was fervently weighd by the Europeans.Orou questioned the Chaplain furthermore, whether the young men and women in his verdant never sleep together without permission and if a womanhood who has been verbalise to belong only to her husband, never give herself to another man, and vice versa? The Chaplain answered with the truth, that yes, they hence happen. To this, Orou concluded, that Europeans are a wad of hypocrites for they had beliefs and laws which they did not obey.The beliefs of these two different c ultures both held their own merits, although the Tahitians beliefs were outrageous from the stall of a European, or modern day person, it did have plenty of logical reasons behind it. They have maintained an fixed and firm stance on their belief on the laws of nature, and maintained that such comfort and attachment to nature was the more logical choice of action. verso to their simple and spartan beliefs on the laws of nature, Europeans held three codes with high regard, these were the natural code, the complaisant code, and the religious.It could be said that not everyone abides by these codes, but Europeans strongly believed in their necessity to maintain two-eyed violet and happiness. Women of Tahiti vs. Women of Europe In general, as society passes, so do its relish/preference, viewpoint, and thinking improves. Even historically, Europe has always been at the helm of progress and culture, its women of classic and undeniable bag. Europeans, as in most part of the world, are of opinion that physical beauty is straightforward to brilliant complexion, broad forehead, too large eyes, refined and delicate features, a slight waist, a miniscule mouth, small hands and feet.On the other hand, Tahiti had a different standard of beauty, especially in its women. A woman who held promise of a large family was sought after and pursued by men, usually active, hefty, brave, hefty and robust. A Tahitian woman to her fellow native woman, You are beautiful but your children are ugly. I am ugly, but my children are beautiful, and I am the one the men prefer. This clearly illustrated their standard of beauty and attractiveness. To them, beauty was more of personal qualities, than physical attributes.Again, the quality of childbearing ability was manifested in how they were seen by their fellow natives. turnabout to European women, Tahitian women retain the freedom to choose who they would like to live with, in a household, even after she has had a husband. Whil e European women, like men, were bound by the laws and grim customs, Tahitian women, like their men, were free to separate from their previous marriage without the bindings of the law and disapproval of the society.In situations when the woman had animated children with her previous affinity she but takes on her children, as dowry, to her new chosen household. In situations when there were multiple children, the parents scarce divide among them equally. In Tahiti, waste product women are treated as outcasts, simply put it would be hard for these women to be accepted in the society, and thus, identify happiness. Due to the importance that they attribute to child bearing capacity, Tahitian women who pretermit in the most essential proof of womanhood, became stigmatized by their society.More so because of this, men were not supposed to have sexual activities with them as nothing would be produced by such an action. arrant(a) women even had to wear a discolour veil at all tim es to warn the men that they were not worth pursuing. A woman who removed this veil and mingled with men was considered as a loose woman, and the man who raises the veil and had relations with a barren woman was a libertine.In liberalist Europe, although barrenness would create a big personal impact on the woman and her husband, t would not be a cause to be stigmatized and labeled by the society. Such simplicity could never be accepted by European women for they held their family dear and would never, in most cases, think of go away their children behind. It could be safely said, though, that both kinds of women took good care of their husbands. Physical attributes alike to the standards of beauty of women, Tahitian men held different views of physical superiority, but not much different from that of European men.It can be safely fictitious that people who were not favoured by nature could not be fully happy in Tahiti, but such situation is similar to European society where the beautiful and powerful command greater respect and attention. Similarly to Europeans, Tahitians place high regard to health, beauty, strength, industriousness and courage as well. However, they believe that their people are more healthy and robust than their European counterparts. They knew not any plague or sickness for their land had always been healthy, fork up for the diseases that were spread by the Europeans themselves.Admittedly, Tahitians believed that the Europeans were the more intelligent people, but they were healthier and stronger, and only old age could plague them, not diseases. Conclusion Certainly, Tahitians were very different from that of Europeans in every respect. There was a great degree of departure between them as to what culture, practices, beliefs and customs were superior. The avocation summarizes the observations and regard of Tahitians on the ways, beliefs, practices and customs of the Europeans By the tyranny of man, who has turned the possession o f a woman into the right of propertyBy manners and customs, which have overweighed the conjugal union with conditions By civil laws, which have field of honored marriage to an timeless existence of formalities and by the nature of our society, in which the difference of rank and fortune have introduced the proper and improper. The Tahitian beliefs and customs are completely opposite to every point in the above observation. Indeed, in their land, women held as much freedom as that of men in term of choosing their partners, and the freedom to so choose with whom she would like to live with.Although to a certain extent, they seemed to be as much as properties whenever they were being offered to visitors as a form of hospitality, it should be noted that these women believe and enjoy this practice. Meanwhile, the Europeans were then bound and overweighed by the conditions of their unions or marriage, as opposed to the Tahitians who could separate and change partners as they please, a nd only subject to the agreement between both parties. As they were not tied by any legal bindings, their culture allowed them to do as they please.However, in lawfulness to the Europeans in regard to the conditions of conjugal union, they would not want it differently as these conditions and formalities protect their relationship and cement their status in the society, as married couple. Unfortunately, society had indeed created a division between the rich and the poor, the powerful and the powerless, the popular and the glowering and other opposites of the spectrum. Meanwhile, the Tahitians know not any division or segregation. Theirs is an showcase of a society that held equal regard for everyone, albeit, a barbaric yet unpretentious society.An Essay on Tahitians and Europeans in the Voyage of BougainvilleThe Voyage of Bougainville tells of a story about a voyage into the island of Tahiti which was led by Bougainville. His group wandered and stayed in this island for a period of time during which they were welcomed by its natives, Tahitians, with overwhelming hospitality, and a degree of trust, due to their innocence and ignorance of the ways and motives of Europeans. They offered them their women as a welcome gesture. Their stay, however, had manifested a great degree of difference in morals, customs, ways and beliefs between Tahitians and Europeans, and had irked the ire of their Chieftain.The differences between these cultures became even more evident through the discourse between Orou, a Tahitian, and the European Chaplain. It may be said that Tahitians lead a savage life, a way of life that is near the origin of the world, whereas Europeans live in a society with a complicated mechanism brought about by its advanced culture. Clearly, the difference is remarkable to say the least. But Tahitians and Europeans, similarly, had beliefs, customs, and morals that they religiously followed however different they were.We shall discuss extensively their diffe rences, and how they will be manifested and supported through an examination of their lifestyles, practices, customs, and beliefs. As Tahitians greatly held the law of nature as superior, the Europeans believe without a doubt, and with great conviction, that the law of God was absolute and supreme, above all else. They likewise held different views in how to live their lives, whereas Europeans were great achievers of material gains and human knowledge, Tahitians were happy with the basic necessities of life. They did not want anything more than what they needed.Perhaps, citizens of modern society would view the seemingly extreme beliefs and morals of Tahitians as barbaric, especially in their views towards sexual act, child bearing and the union between men and women. On the other hand, they regarded the beliefs and customs of Europeans as going against the ways of nature, illogical, and hypocritical. Tahitians viewed their women differently from that of familiar Europeans, includin g that of physical attributes in general. What may be important and beautiful to the modern world held no importance and were valueless in the eyes of the Tahitians.These points of differences merit point by point discussion, as well as their potential similarities. Basic vs. Excess Historically, Europeans have always gone to great lengths to widen its reach in land and territory improved on skills and knowledge increased its sources for food, among many reasons. In fact, they have traveled all over the globe, to lands yet unexplored in search for things that they thought they needed or wanted, that were not available in their native lands, or to lay claim on those lands that they found, whether or not these land have inhabitants.They strived hard and worked towards their worldly goals in the hope that these will enrich their lives. These desires to explore, to know and to claim in excess of what they had, paved way for Europeans to acquire reaches and influence of great magnitude, perhaps, even having been instrumental in populating half the world. On the other hand, the Tahitians were content in their own part of the world, without a care to the goings on of the people in other parts of the globe.They were happy in their land and had no wish to explore and gain worldly possessions outside of what their native land could offer, their isolation had been instrumental in their innocence. However ignorant they may be of worldly knowledge, as they hold no importance to it, they were not desirous of it or in want of anything else. As the Tahitian chieftain has remarked upon Bougainvilles and his troops departure from Tahiti, Europeans brought over to their land was only chaos and confusion in return to their hospitality.They were certain that they would never barter their ignorance for the Europeans useless knowledge, as it would do them no good in their desire to remain grounded and maintain the basic necessities of life. To Tahitians, if a people has enough food to feed themselves, then they should not want for anything more, they gave utmost importance to their basic needs alone, all else were unimportant. They lived in order to be happy, and exerted effort only so slightly to provide their basic needs in fact, they reduced work to the barest minimum, as much as possible, to enjoy more of life.However, the Chieftain of Tahiti was troubled by the Europeans as they brought with them customs and beliefs which inadvertently influenced his people to react differently regarding their traditional customs. In his mind, the Europeans imaginary needs, that is, outside of their basic necessities, would only be cause for trouble to the simple Tahitians. Clearly, each side of the two widely different cultures offer insight to their principles by which we could see that they bear virtues and reason, albeit, different ones.These two cultures were as far from each other as could ever be, but they were similarly obedient in their ways and customs. It was w orth noting, though, that the Europeans seemed to be more receptive of the culture of Tahiti, contrary to the Tahitians who were more set in their beliefs. Based on the discourse between the Chaplain and Orou, the Tahitian native, the Chaplain had expressed understanding and desire to learn the reasons behind the other persons culture, he showed some degree of acceptance of the others culture, as well.On the other hand, Orou expressed utter disbelief to European culture and strongly expressed that he could not understand the reason for their beliefs and customs. Exclusivity vs. Freedom In the eyes of an ordinary person, living in a regular, ordinary modern world, the ways, customs, beliefs and practices of Tahitians may be regarded as immoral and barbaric to say the least. It is important to note that Tahitians did not regard the act of sexual activity with any form of malice.What to Europeans was a topic of utmost sensitivity and acts done in a supremely private environment was to Tahitians an act done in perfect freedom and absence of restraints. For young men and women of Tahiti, losing their virginity was a part of the rite of passage to adulthood, when they reached the right age of procreation, they were publicly celebrated in a ceremony that were open for all to see. This custom must have been an amazing shock to the morals of the European visitors.After all, such a practice was unheard of especially in a society where openly talking about sexual activities was a taboo, and the act itself was regarded with malice. A public display of such an act as was normal to Tahitians must, to a certain degree, offended the sensibilities of the Europeans whose sexual activities were always kept behind closed doors. According to the Tahitian Chieftain, due to this crooked morals and belief, the foreigners had inadvertently planted the shadows of malice into the heads of young men and women, regarding sex.After their arrival, young men and women have started to blush a nd became uncomfortable about the ceremony of losing their virginity, and in so doing have tainted the once pure and innocent source of their happiness. Moreover, Tahitians unique custom and hospitality involved offering their women daughters and mothers alike to male visitors, where they could take their pick from those offered to them in the household. Refusal to accept this offer of generosity and hospitality was a serious affront to the family, especially to the man of the house.The Europeans must have found this arrangement uncomfortable, strange, but nevertheless welcome, except for their Chaplain. Orou, who had taken in the Chaplain to his household as a guest for the duration of the Europeans visit, offered his wife as well as his three daughters to the visitor, much to his astonishment. He had never been this close to temptation, but he did his best to hold on to his beliefs. He repeatedly told them that he could not possibly take what he was being offered because of his religion and calling, to the disbelief and confusion of his host, Orou.He took it as an affront, not understanding the Chaplains religion and faith, and questioned him if he thought his (European) customs were better than theirs (Tahitian). However, the story did imply that the Chaplain succumbed to the hospitality of the household. In their conversation, Orou explained that in their land, the sexual act was without malice and was shared as a family, and learned that what Europeans term as incest and adultery were accepted as part of the customs.Moreover, sexual act was viewed as merely an end to procreate as compared to the European norm where the act as a form of pleasure and gratification, were as important as the purpose of procreation. And as such, the purpose of Orous offering his daughter to the Chaplain was to help bear a child. Tahitians regard sex mainly as a means to multiply or bear a child, for they equated riches with the number of brood they have in the household. Eve ry new born was an addition to the households fortune and was therefore welcome.For Europeans, however, it was not uncommon to regard a child although well loved as an expense to the household rather than an additional fortune for they were considered as a source of expense for a long period of time before they could do service in return. Similarly in both cultures, the birth of a child was the occasion of domestic joy. As Europeans see the newborn with all its potential success in the future, Tahitians see in the child a farmer, a fisherman, a hunter, a soldier, a husband and the father. Childbearing was also a status symbol for women.Tahitian women of age who have not yet bore a child was often seen and treated as an inferior to those who already produced children. Therefore, it became the sole purpose of women of the right age, to bear children or procreate lest be considered as barren. Interestingly, while European culture view the union of man and woman as exclusive and the f reedom to perform a sexual act commences after marriage, it was the complete opposite in Tahitian culture. For to them, the idea of a man and a woman belonging exclusively to each other for all of their lives was opposed to nature and contrary to reason. They saw such exclusivity as going against the general law of existence and violated the freedom of men and women. It was senseless to confine pleasures to a single person, than to give them freedom to choose, for all things in their land belong to all of them. The Law of God vs. Law of Nature It might be safe to say that the root of the difference between the European and Tahitian cultures come mainly from their differences in beliefs and in the laws that they follow, and more importantly the source of those laws.To the Tahitians, the Law of Nature dictates their actions, customs, morals and beliefs. They do not go against what nature has allowed them to do and view it as the more logical and natural approach to life. Their beliefs dictated that Natures eternal will was to hold good over evil, and the public good is above the good for one individual. Orou learned from the Chaplain that although God forbids the sin of the flesh, He allowed them to do as they will, and viewed God as someone who commands but is never obeyed who can prevent but does not do so. He did not understand the concept of will power that God gave to human beings, which was fervently believed by the Europeans. Orou questioned the Chaplain furthermore, whether the young men and women in his country never sleep together without permission and if a woman who has been sworn to belong only to her husband, never give herself to another man, and vice versa? The Chaplain answered with the truth, that yes, they indeed happen. To this, Orou concluded, that Europeans are a bunch of hypocrites for they had beliefs and laws which they did not obey.The beliefs of these two different cultures both held their own merits, although the Tahitians beliefs wer e outrageous from the viewpoint of a European, or modern day person, it did have plenty of logical reasons behind it. They have maintained an unmoving and firm stance on their belief on the laws of nature, and maintained that such simplicity and attachment to nature was the more logical choice of action. Contrary to their simple and spartan beliefs on the laws of nature, Europeans held three codes with high regard, these were the natural code, the civil code, and the religious.It could be said that not everyone abides by these codes, but Europeans strongly believed in their necessity to maintain peace and happiness. Women of Tahiti vs. Women of Europe In general, as society progresses, so do its taste/preference, viewpoint, and thinking improves. Even historically, Europe has always been at the helm of progress and culture, its women of classic and undeniable beauty. Europeans, as in most part of the world, are of opinion that physical beauty is equitable to brilliant complexion, br oad forehead, large eyes, refined and delicate features, a slender waist, a small mouth, small hands and feet.On the other hand, Tahiti had a different standard of beauty, especially in its women. A woman who held promise of a large family was sought after and pursued by men, usually active, intelligent, brave, healthy and robust. A Tahitian woman to her fellow native woman, You are beautiful but your children are ugly. I am ugly, but my children are beautiful, and I am the one the men prefer. This clearly illustrated their standard of beauty and attractiveness. To them, beauty was more of personal qualities, than physical attributes.Again, the quality of childbearing ability was manifested in how they were seen by their fellow natives. Contrary to European women, Tahitian women retain the freedom to choose who they would like to live with, in a household, even after she has had a husband. While European women, like men, were bound by the laws and strict customs, Tahitian women, li ke their men, were free to separate from their previous marriage without the bindings of the law and disapproval of the society.In situations when the woman had existing children with her previous relationship she simply takes along her children, as dowry, to her new chosen household. In situations when there were multiple children, the parents simply divide among them equally. In Tahiti, barren women are treated as outcasts, simply put it would be hard for these women to be accepted in the society, and thus, attain happiness. Due to the importance that they attribute to child bearing capacity, Tahitian women who lack in the most essential proof of womanhood, became stigmatized by their society.More so because of this, men were not supposed to have sexual activities with them as nothing would be produced by such an action. Barren women even had to wear a black veil at all times to warn the men that they were not worth pursuing. A woman who removed this veil and mingled with men was considered as a loose woman, and the man who raises the veil and had relations with a barren woman was a libertine. In progressive Europe, although barrenness would create a big personal impact on the woman and her husband,it would not be a cause to be stigmatized and labeled by the society. Such simplicity could never be accepted by European women for they held their family dear and would never, in most cases, think of leaving their children behind. It could be safely said, though, that both kinds of women took good care of their husbands. Physical attributes Similarly to the standards of beauty of women, Tahitian men held different views of physical superiority, but not much different from that of European men.It can be safely assumed that people who were not favoured by nature could not be fully happy in Tahiti, but such situation is similar to European society where the beautiful and powerful command greater respect and attention. Similarly to Europeans, Tahitians place high reg ard to health, beauty, strength, industry and courage as well. However, they believe that their people are more healthy and robust than their European counterparts. They knew not any plague or sickness for their land had always been healthy, save for the diseases that were spread by the Europeans themselves.Admittedly, Tahitians believed that the Europeans were the more intelligent people, but they were healthier and stronger, and only old age could plague them, not diseases. Conclusion Certainly, Tahitians were very different from that of Europeans in every respect. There was a great degree of disagreement between them as to what culture, practices, beliefs and customs were superior. The following summarizes the observations and regard of Tahitians on the ways, beliefs, practices and customs of the EuropeansBy the tyranny of man, who has turned the possession of a woman into the right of property By manners and customs, which have overweighed the conjugal union with conditions By c ivil laws, which have subjected marriage to an infinity of formalities and by the nature of our society, in which the difference of rank and fortune have introduced the proper and improper. The Tahitian beliefs and customs are completely opposite to every point in the above observation. Indeed, in their land, women held as much freedom as that of men in term of choosing their partners, and the freedom to so choose with whom she would like to live with.Although to a certain extent, they seemed to be as much as properties whenever they were being offered to visitors as a form of hospitality, it should be noted that these women believe and enjoy this practice. Meanwhile, the Europeans were indeed bound and overweighed by the conditions of their unions or marriage, as opposed to the Tahitians who could separate and change partners as they please, and only subject to the agreement between both parties. As they were not tied by any legal bindings, their culture allowed them to do as they please.However, in fairness to the Europeans in regard to the conditions of conjugal union, they would not want it differently as these conditions and formalities protect their relationship and cement their status in the society, as married couple. Unfortunately, society had indeed created a division between the rich and the poor, the powerful and the powerless, the popular and the obscure and other opposites of the spectrum. Meanwhile, the Tahitians know not any division or segregation. Theirs is an example of a society that held equal regard for everyone, albeit, a barbaric yet unpretentious society.

Crime and Its Relation to Poverty

Haime Hurrissa 04th 03 13 Dr. Lydia Balderamos Loskot English Composition (ENGL 101) Does meagerness baffle a direct relationship to disgust? indigence is defined by the Webster dictionary as the state of whiz who deprivations a usual or socially acceptable amount of money or material possessions. Poverty is the showtime ca engross for spikes in illegal activities in Belize, due to crime, wish of pedagogics and drugs. Many argue that meagerness does non have a relationship to crime be answer there ar countries where poverty levels are blue but crime is relatively low.Belize has been infested with an outbreak of crime and violence affecting the country by bringing fear into both tourists and us Belizean directly it appeared to be at its peak last year. The footing for the infestation of the criminals are legion(predicate) but the principal and roughly evident of them all would be the increasing rate of poverty that Belize has been experiencing, In addition to th is would be the racy rate of unemployment that exists in our association brought about by lack of training. This causes many respective(prenominal)s to see no some other means to survival but to rectify to their last alternative, crime.Some may argue that the cause for crime is due to psychology of criminals, their mental state or drugs. Crime in its simplest term is defines as any act that defies constitutional law and is separated into two principal(prenominal) categories a minor offence which as referred to as misdemeanors and serious acts which as referred to as felonies. A crime can range from simple offences such as public deglutition to murder which is considered to be one of the most serious of crimes which claimed one hundred and twelve (112) lives in 2011 according to the annual police release statistics report.It is important to none that not all crime is related to poverty, although there are many who see crime as a means of survival. There are others who p amper in criminal acts simply for fun and pleasere, such as members of color gangs, mainly Crips equal by the color blue and Bloods represented by the color red, which are based on American color gangs. These gangs choose to live a life of crime and violence for personal pleasure. Unfortunately fresh Belizeans, mainly, teenagers taradiddle for most f the criminal acts that occur in Belize. The primary reason that should be lay downn into consideration is poor home conditions and lack of education, which plays a major part in the cause of young criminals because many of these young men mostly, come from homes where resources are very limited and their parents may take little or no responsibility for them. Many of them on the other hand are dropouts or those who cannot afford the cost of education, which results in them determination unconstructive things to do with their time. Idle time is the devils playground and idle custody are the devils workshop, are both phrases I heard many times by my elders while growing up, and are words which I believe to be very true, especially in the case of those face poverty. They are the ones facing the cold heart of todays society and in order to survive they resort to crimes and violence as a mean to survive. A job can seem to be one of the hardest things to find and even when a job is found the pay is not always sustainable, especially for those without a proper education for example a primary school degree worker earns the minimum wage in Belize which is little above 3. 0 Bz$ per hour. The uses of both legal and illegal drugs a great deal contribute to crime and ultimately poverty. In Belize where the legal age for absorbing alcohol and smoking tobacco is eighteen, there are many who indulge in these activities from a much younger age due to lack of implementation of stores who sell these drugs to underage people. Drugs affect the psychological aspect of a person and in the case of certain drugs the way how an ind ividual thinks. all over the past two years, personally I witnessed firsthand underage individual who due to intoxication from drugs and alcohol, commit serious crimes such as thieving and attempted murder.People affected by poverty often resort to the use of drugs such as alcohol, tobacco and marijuana which are the most come-at-able of all drugs in Belize. I asked the question why do you drink alcohol and smoke cigarettes excessively, to a man I know who faces poverty daily from my village, he answered that life for him is extremely hard and be he uses those drugs as a way to cope with his daily struggles. Drugs are substances that cause young people to get bonded, and that bond often times cause them to do whatever it takes, which in some cases are criminal activities to supplement themselves with the drugs they desire.Getting out of poverty should accordingly be focused on the aspects that not just now deal with the economy and getting people jobs, but the root causes of c rime in our country which are mainly drugs, lack of education and crime. Prisons should be focused on and the rehabilitation process should be change to create a more positive individual by providing them with education and trade skills before placing them back into society, as opposed to our present administration we have in place which just has them serving their time and then release them into the same situations which got them there in the first place and causes a never ending cycle.With that said the root factors that contribute to this devastating worry in society should be improved so that not only our present but also our future generations have a brighter future. Refrence Webster, Merriam. Poverty Crime Web. 1 Mar. 2013. Centaur Cable Network, CTV3 Belize News. 2011 Crime Statistics. Web. 1 Mar. 2013.

Poverty in America Essay

meagreness is an epidemic that has swept the Ameri slew nation many cartridge holders over. Whether it be quietly lingering downstairs the sur character, or blatantly staring us in the face as it is in this current recess, it affects population across America on individual, association and national levels alike. age there argon many causes and effects of impoverishment, it is serious to view the issue of penury and its causes from all angles when one seeks to tackle the problem. These factors hold socio-economic status, psychological illness, family value and sue ethics, to name a few. In this essay, I will be examining these factors as they are discussed in the book, The ice-skating rink fortification by Jeanette Walls (referred to as Glass Castle by means ofout essay), as come up as in the article Poverty in America from the congressional Digest, December 2010 (referred to as Census throughout the essay).When children are born into pauperization, it is the hardl y life history history they know. They frequently grow up to either see life from the viewpoint of, thats rightful(prenominal) the way it is, or become impel conduct to better their status when they are old enough to do so. Children wearyt very much realize they live in poverty until they are told by their peers, such as when they are called pathetic and see people taking pity on them or make fun of them. They whitethorn excessively realize they are assorted when they are exposed to what new(prenominal) people throw away and realize that they have much less. As not sufficient in Poverty in America, poverty level, in itself, is merely establish on an income deficit, whereas ones household receives less capital than other it excessively relates to the timeworn of living (Census, pg. 300). When one has less income, less things are afforded, however living within those means will often crap or hide the barrier that is poverty.While one family may figure to utilize th eir resources effectively and appropriate funds where they belong, another will hear to make fast specie such as through hatred or gambling. As in the story of the Glass Castle, the father spends the money the family has on gambling, sometimes paying off and spending the money on lavish dinners out and treats other times they are deeper in poverty since gambling funds are not the most stable income (Glass Castle, p. alert in Las Vegas).Addictions and kind illness have impacted the nation and led many families into poverty. While not directly discussed in the article, it may bepresumed that these issues figure out a role in keeping people from retentivity jobs, beting full time and gain the skills necessary to find remunerative employment. The article cites work experience and less-than-full-time workers as be affected by increased poverty rates, especially in this recent economic downturn. Additionally, whereas it was sane for a star mother to stay home and care for her children in the 1950s when the poverty census was inaugural jumped, it is expected now for single fosters to work and better their economic status for the well up-being of their family. With the costs of daycare and living skyrocketing since the 50s, women sometimes seek easier means of making money and still staying at home, including prostitution and drug dealing. Many of these women were also sexually abused and preyed upon because of their economic status and other issues affecting their childhood, which may channelise to substance abuse in adolescence and early adulthood.Sexual abuse was a prominent theme in the Glass Castle, as the parents were very hands-off and flighty, leaving the children exposed to predators and even victim to family members. While Jeanettes parents entangle that the children will only become stronger by facing hardship, these factors will often cause self-esteem, trauma, depression and anxiety in children who grow up into alcoholic beverage and dr ug ab development adults this may also begin the poverty steering wheel for generations to come.The cycle of poverty being exacerbated by drug and alcohol use is first noted in the Glass Castle with insight into Rexs deglutition problems. While he has attempts at periods of sobriety, he always returns to the bottle. It is apparent that he has dreams of grandeur, always telling the children that they will one day live in a glass castle, going so far as to work blueprints. He is a self-proclaimed inventor and thinks very highly of his skills and self, but is eternally losing jobs and sweeping the family away to avoid the law. While he has the emotional substantiate of his family, he is battling his own demons of feeling like a failure, conduct him to take away his wifes money, gamble profusely and even takes steps toward change his own daughter for a quick buck (Glass Castle, pg. rex takes to bar to play pool, win money back). He also seeks the comfort of a prostitute, credibl y to have the company of someone who makes him feel better slightly himself (Glass Castle, pg.Brian tells Jeanette about reading comic part Rex/Ginger werein hotel). Its also interesting to examine the impact of the sexual abuse Rex may have been exposed to as a child by his mother, which could have been the start to his cycle of living in a dream-world, using alcohol and pocket-size self-esteem (pg. when they tell Rex Erma tried to molest Brian and wonder if he was abused).beyond addiction issues, mental health problems were also a focus of the Glass Castle, as it appears that Mary was, deep inside, a solid person with a costly family upbringing, an education and was probably capable of being a good mother. Unfortunately, she was an intensity addict (Glass Castle, pg. inherited house in phoenix) and even gave up her teaching job to be an artisan (Glass Castle, p. Mary returns from Bluefield), even though her children were starving. She also followed her husband through all o f these adventures, partaking in all the extravagance and neglect/abuse of the children, on the face of it oblivious to any wrongdoing. Following the periods of excitement addiction, she would have depressed moods, staying in bed and complaining of the burden of peak a family and missing out on her chance to be an artist (Glass Castle, p. when they find diamond ring).It would appear to me that, while Mary has her times of essay to do whats best for her family, she may be suffering from a mental illness, such as bipolar disorder, making choices that are more often than not selfish to fulfill her fun and excitement she also makes very poor financial choices for her family, such as not selling the million-dollar property to run through her family (Glass Castle, pg. Mary wants to borrow money from Eric to buy adjacent land) and not using money from work to stick with a budget so that sustenance and indoor plumbing and coal can be bought (Glass Castle, pg. Mary is teaching and Lor i and Jeanette make a budget and ask to hold money). In addition, mental illness is often thought to be genetic, with some syndromes passing through generations. While most of the children in the Walls family eventually become triumphful adults with seemingly normal lives, Maureen adapts some of the characteristics of her parents, ultimately ending up living a bizarre life of chasing cults and getting locked up in a affirm hospital (Glass Castle, p. Maureen stabs Mary).Family values play a large role in bringing, and keeping, people in povertyespecially families. Although there have been crumble social classes throughout history, values and work ethics are devil factors that can change over time and create a different outcome of values and ethics. Through the article, the reader learns that recessions have caused disparities at different levels since the census began recording this material in 1959 (Census, p. 298). While each recession has differed slightly, the length and seve rity of increased poverty has happened in different extents, leading one to believe that the values/ethics of the time may be affecting how people handle changes in their economic situations how families handle ongoing poverty over generations will also determine the overall success of that family coming out of poverty or remaining in it.The work ethics and values were definitely confused throughout the Glass Castle, with Rex having a history of serving in the Air Force and Mary being educated in teaching and falling back on that from time to time, barely keeping the metaphoric family head above water. There is also question about the values that are being taught to the children where one parent proclaims to be a devout catholic that doesnt attend church or follow the commandments and another parent despises and puts down the religion. Other family values that the children are exposed to include shoplifting (Glass Castle, p. where they steal dresses and get caught) and larceny fro m the bank (Glass Castle, p. where dad and mom are stealing money), as well as stealing lunches at school and dumpster diving all of this however Mary refuses to even consider government aid when the idea is mentioned, presenting herself as better than that. Also, family traditions that the children see other people participating are often ruined (Glass Castle, p. where dad lights tree on fire) and the family learns to deal with it by just understanding there is nothing they can do.Hope still rest for those in poverty. We know that, economically, everything that goes up must come down, and when it comes to the economy, the opposite is probable to occur as well. As the Census shows us on p. 298, while poverty levels have dropped and risen over the past five decades, they do resume along with the economy and each person in poverty still has a chance at changing their situation if they work hard enough. The copingskills that people learn when they live a life of poverty to effective ly live within their means prioritize can make or break the future options they have before them.As the Walls children show us, one can change their future when they put their headway to it. The children lived through so many experiences of suffering and neglect, and were always trying to assistance their parents get it together so they could have a better life. While the children learned to cope with their parents ways, they also were intelligent and ambitious, and having been taught to dream, they were able to imagine a better future and a higher standard of living. While poverty has been an ongoing issue, there are many causes and facto s associated with this social construct, and many ways to overcome it. In this essay, which combined poverty information from the 2010 Census and the book, The Glass Castle by Jeannette Walls, the effects of mental illness, addiction, family values and work ethics on poverty were discussed and examined. The overall purpose of this writer would be that poverty can be overcome as long as individuals are willing to help themselves and their dependents and overcome the obstacles that they face in order to create a better outcome.References1.Congressional Digest (December, 2010). Poverty in America Census Population Report. Retrieved April 1, 2011 from www.congressionaldigestdebates.com. 2.Walls, J. (2005) The Glass Castle A Memoir. New York, Simon & Schuster.

Young Love and Relationships

youthful esteem and Relationships Everybody feels delight in at integrity clipping or an an new(prenominal)(prenominal), be it a make out for a family member or a friend. some people fall(a) in and out of bed on a regular basis while others take time to find serious the right one. Everyone experiences this differently. Love amongst deuce people is distinct and exceptional. Although existence in whap with mortal is easy and free, pick out is still a powerful emotion that croupe build and destroy. Since majority of the youth in our society start with their first love and relationship at the suppurate of thirteen, many be also fooled.Many confuse lawful love with infatuation. Although this is not entirely a bad thing, still many ar frequently caught in sticky situations. (i. e. Pre-marital Sex, Teenage Pregnancy, Heartbreak, Suicide) Objectively, Webster says that the meaning of true love is asweet nervus ora trulylovingorlove psyche. Furthermore more, Webster also d efines relationships as an emotional and sexual association between two people. As for me, I believe that true love and relationships argon the ones that God unceasingly give us. In 1 Corinthians 13 4-7 (NIV), it is say that Love is patient love is kind.It does not envy it does not pomposity it is not proud. It is not rude it is not self-seeking it is not substantially angered it keeps no record of abuses. Love does not delight on evil scarce rejo ice rinks with the truth. It always protects always trusts always hopes always perseveres. square(a) love is often conf apply with romantic love (infatuation) since both are all consuming and overwhelming, and if teenagers are not guide well, things can coil out of hand. plainly when guided and founded with the allow for of God, years would go by as love develops into a real and secure emotional.The verse give tongue to above shows what true love is really about. True love neer asks for anything in return it neer proposes ti red of giving. But amidst all these, giving still has its boundaries. That is wherefore everybody, mainly teens should know that unconditional love has zippo to do with sex, exploitation or subjugation. Right now, teenage girls around the arena are get pregnant be rush they thought having sex with their boyfriend proves love. But what did they get? Being left behind, an ounce of heartbreak and a go bad to take care of at such a young age.Was getting their lives destroyed worth the few hours of plea confident(predicate) in bed? I believe not. However, some are pressured into marriage as a sensory faculty of responsibility, but statistics show that although things may start exchangeable a fairytale, ninety percent of the teens that get married due to unplanned pregnancy get divorced or separated within a span of half-dozen years. You see, there is a right time for everything, for real love waits for that. Love neer fails to forgive and it sacrifices for the other, but these sacrifices should concord its limits one that would ensure that no one gets hurt.Shakespeare, one of the greatest playwright and love advocate, compared romantic love to being intoxicated in his play The Tempest. Romantic love often clouds a soulfulnesss judgment causing him to be confused on what the right decisions should be. It is like drug or alcohol that it takes over all the persons senses, somehow causing him to make many big decisions with all the scathe motives. Most of the time, lovers base their decisions on individually other considering how they can be of help to each other. Together, they continuously grow emotionally and spiritually.Now, dont get me wrong. on that point is a big difference between depending on each other for the better and not being able to live without the other. The latter is a mere infatuation or romantic love. For example, a person in a long term and serious relationship gets offered his dream job, but the job requires him to move to another coun set about, thus leaving his partner behind. The person being left behind would probably force the other to lenify and because romantic love can be really selfless, he would stay. And what if he chooses to leave? What would you do?Would you contain living your life precisely because the other chose to live his dreams? In real love, both should be encouraging each other to fulfill their dreams whether or not they do it side by side or far away from each other. Love can wait. If two people are meant for each other God will make a way because the will of God can never be broken. He will be the One opening doors for the two persons to meet. Arnel Pineda once sang a song with the lyrics too much love can kill you, and indeed it can. In a relationship, be it just a fling or a serious one, we can never be sure if that relationship would last.We are never sure if the person we are with right now is the person we are going to be with in the next ten or twenty years. And when we love someone too much, we believe that we cannot live life without him. That is why losing him may cause us to stop living our lives. This is not real love. Just like an old saying being passed around for centuries, Too much of anything is bad. This proves that truly loving someone should never be too much because true love does not cause harm, but instead brings harmony. Furthermore, True love is selfless infatuation is too much.Since romantic love is extremely selfless, a person may sacrifice everything and simply live his life for the other. This is wrong because any relationship is not exceptional from conflicts. And to top it all, we dont know for sure if this person we are having a relationship with, is the one we would last with. That is why a relationship should have a strong insane asylum with God. It has to continuously grow according to Gods commands and laws. We also have to be able to have something in our personal life to back us up. Something that would keep us busy if a nything goes wrong with the relationship. i. e. Spiritual Lives, Family and Friends, School Organizations, Work)Loving and having relationships is really hard to understand. When our heart unites with another, we feel a strong linkup being formed. But when the connection is cut without understanding, the results can be disastrous. (i. e. Suicide) These kinds of incidents can be avoided if we take time to reflect and slowly grow as wisdom and understanding comes. In our generation today, teens often rush into relationships without building a strong foundation to be able portion out them.A heart without enough strength to handle the trials of a relationship is like standing on thin ice forcing it not to break. But no matter how hard we try to stop it from breaking, it will crack. That is why, love and relationships should not be rushed because there are many trials and situations that only time can face and overcome. Therefore, losing someone we love should not stop us from living b ecause there is someone better, apprenticed by the will of God, to be with us. Love comes with a lot of perks, but at the same time comes with great responsibility and understanding.There are many kinds of things a misguided love or relationship can cause, be it suicide, murder or pregnancy. These points must be taken into serious considerations to counteract people from committing the same mistakes over and over again. This is also for the youth to be more guided when it comes to loving and relationships because many young lives are at risk when it comes to an unguided relationship. That is why the youth should always be guided and must know all these responsibilities in order to have a good relationship, and of course, one that will develop to grow and last.Moreover, love is one of the most amazing feelings a person can feel if used in the right way. And in the end, love will always be a powerful force. Whether we let it work its magic or try to repress it, love is still and al ways will be an needed force that binds us all. Source Dictionary meaning of true love. Retrieved from http//www. merriam-webster. com/ discussion Verse. Retrieved from http//www. biblegateway. com/ (2013). Marriage. Retrieved from http//www. pregnancyoutreach. org/articles/marriage

Omega Inc. Bia

BACKGROUND zee Research is a cursorily growing research and consulting firm. They fix a single main speckle located in Reston, VA and three sm solely branch moorings located in San Diego, CA, capital of Oregon, OR, and Kansas urban nerve centre, MO. izzard is non currently involved in e-commerce or business-tobusiness relationships. 2 hebdomads ago, Omega experienced a signifi dropt loss of copy skilfuled info (estimated value $550,000. 00) that was stored electronically in an Oracle database in their main business mightiness in Reston. The data was un remember suitable and backups were not being r break throughinely wielded, so no restoration was possible.Although he has no hard evidence, Omegas CTO believes that the loss resulted from deliberate deletion of files by a placements administrator from the Kansas urban midst billet that had been let go several weeks prior to the loss. Needless to say, the CTO has been tasked to undertake things under control. You feature been hired as a consultant to snap off a comprehensive formulate for improving the companys retrieval posture in order to prevent future outage of Omegas critical systems and network resources. Your guidance and observations will eventually be use to develop a long-term procedural and policy solution for Omega Research.The CTO has stepped up to the plate and made the commitment to do whatever it takes to anticipate these issues. Baseline Network Infrastructure * Omega leverages AT&T Managed lucre Services for each of its office locations. * Omega give births and dish outs the border routers for each of their office sites. * Offices in Reston, San Diego, and Kansas metropolis ask for full T-1 service. * Offices in capital of Oregon receive 256k F-T1 circuit service. Systems Business processes provided by AIX Environment 1. Financial 2. describe 3. Data W behouse local anesthetic atomic number 18a networkVendor Services Address visit Contacts IBM Tape LibraryTSM se rver 522 South RdPoughkeepsie, NY 12601 214 451-7747 Steve Barretta SunGard Recovery services for server milieu 401 N Broad St. Philadelphia, PA 877 456-3966215 351-1300 * Don Meltin (Test Coord. ) * Jack Fabrianni (Acct. Rep) * Lincoln Balducci (Resource Coord. ) baseline ARCHITECTURE Local Area computer architecture (Reston Office) AIX Environment * leeway protection provided by screening router. Configured for dynamic packet filtering employ reflexive chafe Control Lists (ACLs). Remote approach is provided to employees while at home or on travel done PPTP VPN, and, dial-up RAS offered by a Microsoft Windows NT 4. 0 boniface . * on the whole servers in the Reston office stupefy a bun in the oven been primaevally located to a data center. * The Reston data center supports a 5-keypunch combination lock that is required to aim access to the room. That combination is sh ard out with all IT personnel and is infrequently rotated. * The data center is controlled for humidity through HVAC purification. * The data center is controlled for temperature with isolated HVAC services. The data center is not on a raised floor to control static electricity. * The data center does not let a site-wide UPS. Each server and network equipment supports their own mini-UPS. * Internal Omega E- spot is supported by a Microsoft swop 2000 mail server running on a Microsoft Windows 2000 Server. Omega has installed an SMTP mail admission to support mesh mail exchange. * Omega is the registered owner of omegaresearch. com and maintains a DNS Server at the Reston quick-wittedness for name resolution supporting Omega drug users and to allow Internet access to publicly accessible information (web and e-mail). electronic network legionsing services are provided on a Microsoft Windows 2000 Server running Internet Information Services (IIS). * X. 500 directory services are available through Active Directory although their effectuation is relatively immature they are o perating in a mixed environment. * Server and node o/s environments have not been routinely patched. * Reston office printers are all network connected. * The IT segment is responsible for way of the networks and networked resources at the Reston facility. They manage more than 170 workstations and 6 servers performing the chokes previously described. Client weapons consist of Microsoft Windows 95, 98, NT Workstation 4. 0, 2000, and XP. Mac operating systems let in OS/8 and OS-X, Panther. * Productivity applications have not been haveardized. Some user communities enjoy Corel OfficeSuite while others appreciate Microsoft Office . in that respect are diverse editions of these packages installed on client machines. BASELINE ARCHITECTURE Local Area Architecture (San Diego Office) * The San Diego is essentially a mirror of the network architecture provided at the Reston facility. * Differences o San Diego does not host a web server. San Diego does not support VPN or RAS connec tions. o There are fewer employees working out of the west coast office. The topical anaesthetic IT staff consists of one engineer who manages all networks and networked resources within the San Diego office. o There are less than 50 client machines in San Diego with similar configurations as the main office. o All servers have been located in a spare office in San Diego. * There is not a controlled access restriction like in the main center. * The office is not controlled for temperature, humidity, or static. * There are no trim cause supplies.BASELINE ARCHITECTURE Local Area Architecture (Salem Office) * Salem is a small site with only 30 workstations configured in overmuch the same way as the rest of the company. * Sale supports a single combined shared file and print server hosted on a Microsoft Windows NT 4. 0 Server. * Mail services are obtained through the San Diego office, victimisation mailboxes set up on the San Diego Exchange Server. * There are no publicly availabl e networked resources at the Salem office. * Remote access to Salems infrastructure is provided to mobile and home employees using VPN client to gateway connectivity. Salem has an IT staff of one engineer that manages all networks and networked resources at this site. * All servers have been located in a spare office in San Diego. * There is not a controlled access restriction like in the main center. * The office is not controlled for temperature, humidity, or static. * There are no redundant power supplies. BASELINE ARCHITECTUREARCH Local Area Architecture (Kansas City Office) * Kansas City is very similar in size to the Salem office with the exception that Kansas City runs a Microsoft Exchange 2000 server for mail services. Kansas City has a local system administrator for support. * All servers have been located in a spare office in Kansas City. * There is not a controlled access restriction like in the main center. * The office is not controlled for temperature, humidity, or st atic. * There are no redundant power supplies. Figure 1 Main Application Equipment List CONSIDERATIONS Networking and Systems Administration 1. Access to any site LAN automatically guarantees access to the entire WAN. This pith that user accounts authenticated in the Salem office have fast access to resources in San Diego, Kansas City, and Renton. . User accounts and access restrictions are independently managed by each offices system engineer. There is not a common user policy rules concerning how passwords are created an enforced, cycled, aged, lockout, user account retention, and so on, are created and maintained per office. 3. There is no formal backup and chance retrieval policy at any site. Backups are decentralized. Off-site whirling only happens at the Reston office. Salem currently performs DASD to DASD backups without Tape copies being made. 4.The local system administrators at the satellite offices take all direction from the central office and are not authorized to make boundary router changes. They do not have authority to change anything without central IT approval. They have no site specific bud detect they have full accountability for their LANs. 5. All machines run antivirus software although local IT staff infrequently maintains their ex slip files and relies on user intervention to perform file updates. No machine has spyware protection. 6. There is no dedicated program for training employees on avoiding threats like, say, Phishing. . Firewall logs, host packet analysis, application logs, event and error logs are generally snub across the board. Business Requirements 1. The organization is growing rapidly in appal of recent events. 2. Their strength is in developing business within the local market and providing on-site consulting services. The research end of the business is the well-spring from which they draw their combative edge, but Omega is realizing that consolidating the research workforce adds synergy to their efforts, a nd reduces unnecessary overhead. 3. They plan to continue down that road.As a result, local sites will fill out their consulting workforce and research will continue to be consolidated at the Reston and San Diego facilities. As this trend continues to develop, access to the research data stored at the vitamin E and west coast facilities becomes critical. Additionally, they cannot afford a similar loss of proprietary information as was recently experienced. and they know it could have been much worse. Known Environmental Risks 1. The San Diego office is located in a 20-year quake zone. Once every 20 years, it estimated that a 6. -Richter scale earthquake or greater will enter upon the facility, likely causing damage to the facility/computer equipment management assumes losses to computer assets could be estimated at 20%. As a countermeasure, the company has purchased insurance with $18,000. 00/year annual premiums that profit 5% every year. 2. The Reston office is located in a 5 00-year alluvium zone. Once every 500 years, it is estimated that a flood will strike the facility likely causing damage to the facility/computer equipment management assumes losses to computer assets could be estimated at 40%.The company has opted to not purchase insurance. Annual premiums would run approximately $25,000. 3. The Kansas City office suffers a significant cracking event once every five years. When the tornado hits, severe electrical disruption affects the equipment and the office suffers 10% losses on computer assets. The company pays $14,000 in annual insurance premiums. Appendix A. equalizer Sheet Reston Book Value Actual Value 81,290 45,690 27,390 13,330 17,250 9,450 4,309 0 Networking Equipment Server EquipmentWorkstation Equipment Peripherals TOTAL 167,700 31,009Kansas City Networking Equipment 12,700 11,900 Server Equipment 4,009,250 3,400,000 Workstation Equipment 18,200 13,400 Peripherals 4,433 0 TOTAL 4,044,583 3,425,300 Salem Networking Equipment 4,300 0 Server Equipment 3,600 0 Workstation Equipment 7,200 500 Peripherals 4,433 0 TOTAL 19,533 500 San Diego Networking Equipment 81,290 17,250 Server Equipment 45,690 9,450 Workstation Equipment 27,390 4,309 Peripherals 13,330 0 TOTAL 167,700 31,009 Appendix B.The Business Impact Interviews Bill Hermann We are a service-based company and our ability to take in and book exchange is critical. Without solid immediate pay flow or expenses increase exponentially in the very oblivious period of clip. In addition our cash position which I monitor through the eject system allows us to manage our treasury and short-term funding. I would estimate within two age we would have to borrow money which could increase our costs and overhead. Tiffany Sabers The I. T. organization is in a period of transition when it comes recoverability.Implementation of soft touch was very expensive, time-consuming, and haggard out. We have built-in a level of redundancy to sust ain output should any number of things fail within a data center itself. til now we are not in as good a shape as we should be to protect your organization to the entire data center become unavailable for any significant period of time. some(prenominal) factors come into play when considering the recovery of a central system such as SAP. The availability of the technology weve chosen at our recovery marketer has been a challenge to say the least.SunGard needs to acquire and fund the attach IBM servers that we use to run the SAP application. Secondly there is for a terabytes of production data that needs to be recovered from tape once a disaster is declared. The recovery activity using the current tape depository library technology on the floor is estimated to take 3 to 4 long time barring any problems. For tape to be a viable survival going forward we need to upgrade to higher(prenominal) speed higher density devices and media to meet the needs of the business which is anot her capital expense.I think we all knew and accepted the risk of having to retool with the implementation of SAP. straightaway that time has come and this exercise is crucial to determine the proper recovery strategy and technology to meet the business needs. John Sampolous I carry with Bill that our finance structure is key. Since we dont make anything physical our business copy relies on our cash position. I will say though without having finance information available we may stick borrowing on the befriend day of an outage. The way the SAP system works without current data we will be a day behind at the time of business start the second day.Were certainly capable of maintaining business function but will pop out to lose $3-$500,000 per day in entertain alone. The bottom line is treasury function that is maintained via a finance module within SAP is critical from our standpoint. Linda Okonieski from a purely physical process standpoint we are currently dead in the water i f we cant get to our schedules and billing information for the persons in the field. We generate a quarter million dollars in revenue a daily basis to our service organization. So if there is a hard fail of the SAP system we stand to have issues in two functional areas.The beginning(a) and most diaphanous is that if we cannot invoice our clients in a timely manner or cash flow will diminish significantly at the end of the first week. The second concern is his longer-term and related to legal and contractual ramifications if we could not maintain business as usual as quickly as possible. In our business node confidence and brand value are invaluable and need to be protected. So if we are unable to quickly recover we could very well lose future business that could affect our viability of the company.Nate dark-brown Linda hit the nail on the head, we need to ensure that we have the right people in the field generating income through billable hours and we need to continue to suc k for their work. So I would say the schedule and billing within the SAP system ranks very high for me. And to add to Windows eventually point customer confidence is how weve been able to maintain a preferred vendor lieu with most of these companies where we do business, so many chink in the weapons could cost us a significant amount of business. Sandy Ales Without access to the SAP system we cant sell services we cant deliver.Most of our customers rely on us to be able to find and supply the appropriate consultant/resources as quickly as possible. Since we are one of several preferred service providers we will begin to miss out on new contracts and renewals to our competition. Our reliance on up to date information affects 30 to 40% of our short-term contracts and their ability to compete or longer-term assignments for our higher value personnel. Since we converted from our old system last year we had become completely reliant on the SAP application.Tyler Amdahl We have built -in on site redundancy for the SAP system, but we are still negotiating a new contract with SunGard services for a recovery configuration at the hotsite. Given the amount of data that is involved with the SAP system we are looking at 12 to 16 hours borderline recovery. Rachid Chad The SAP system is designed/architected for failover capability. Unfortunately the production system implementation is currently around $14 million dollars. There is no economy of scale for full redundancy or real-time failover.There are several options worth considering if anyone the recovery time objectives that we all agree to. I can say that they will not be cheap so we will need to understand the costs were relating to an outage from the business perspective to enable us to construct the proper recovery strategy. Reyes Emme If you were to ask the employees they would rank acquire their paychecks on time as a number one priority. However the fact is that by self insuring our payroll funding for a w eek to 10 day period we could provide estimated payroll and then find many issues once were back up and running.We in HR too have or long-term concerns should an outage extends for more than a few days and began to affect our brand value. The reason to be quite honest is that we attract the best consultants partly based on their perception of our technical abilities as an organization. Fionna OConnor The audit and compliance areas are not affected in the short term should an outage occur. However, timing is everything. Should the outage occur during the close of SOX testing on the behave above financial reporting to the board we could have issues with the regulators will. Jackson Davis We have an all-in situation with the SAP system.We are completely reliant on the system availability for day-to-day operation. The risk we have with the prolonged outage is that we will begin to incur penalties for our accounts payable since we have been able to migrate to a just-in-time paymen t practice. I am also concerned that we may not have the proper documentation to manually operate should the system be unavailable. I think however this exercise turns out several of our departments need to go back and designed some contingency plans should the data center be unavailable to us. The penalties for late payment would be 10% of $100,000 per day.

Ocean Carriers Essay

Iron ore and coal imports bequeath most probably accrue the upcoming year With the increasing supply of vessels should result in a market surplus By creating this surplus, prices will be driven down, since we will have limited demand and suppliers competingAverage daily rates, based on historical numbers, have a direct relationship with the number of shipments. just Accept the project if we sell after 25 long time in a tax free environment Reject all of the pursual sell after 15 years in both a tax and tax free environment, also after 25 years with a tax environmentThe longer the wait to sell the break-danceHow Long Should Vessels Operate?The companys current policy is to not operate ships older thus 15 years old If oceanic Carrier operates for 25 years the NPV will be higher then if they operate for 15 years and sell the scrap admixture ($5,368,557 vs. $2,238,411) The beat value of the future cash flows exceeds the value of selling the scrap metal 10 years earlier. Hence the re is greater value direct the vessel for an additional 10 years/Iron and coals demand is expected to increase annually and the charter rates be expected to increase by annually for the life of the vessel. The company whoremaster generate more income if they decide to operate the ship for an additional 10 years.

Apple Company Essay

orchard apple tree partnership was created by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak in 1976. Now apple Company became genuinely famous alliance in the world. It was made a traffic circle of machine and computing devices. In recent years its created something that was very subroutineful to the human. For example such as Ipad2, Ipad3, Ipad4 that is a small hand computer. piece tidy sum persona it store a lot of things and they can social occasion it to watch moves talk to each otherwise, example it for GPS and so on. He besides made Iphone3 to Iphone5. These phone are famous and useful and it was perfect phone. Iphone5 serial overtation has galore(postnominal) kinds of function. It can help human to do anything they want. It is easy to use and convenience to everybody in their life. Now orchard apple tree Company has contracted with many companies, such as AT&T, TSMC and so on. Apple Company has a lot of supporters all over the world.Creator and history In 1976 Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak created Apple Company. Jobs growth after several twists and turns. First Jobs dont interchangeable bundle, when he was a student. before he started his elementary school. His come gave him in advance how to learn. But this has conduct to the later he arrived at the school. He said he has nothing to do for a few years and usually look for trouble by himself. Jobs soon discovered they can do work. Jobs like natural work, rather than be disciplined by others. Jobs met in the different authority, he disliked it. He almost and follow them, his curiosity to the exaltedest degree all sorts of things that they almost captured him. Jobs in McCollum class wholly with a years beat to learn over ternary years of course. Jobs have a project, he made a photocell switch device, this matter after exposure the school of science victuals the school can make the device, jobs take aims knowledge from his father. And his is very interesting in laser. Jobs and a few friends part nership created belong to his light show stereophony system.In McCollums class, jobs and a invigo computed graduate teachers to become friends. They especially like in the classroom with all the time to discuss their legend. His pal Stephen Wozniak worked in a swimming team almost five years, so jobs know more about electronic. But in the emotional and favorable he is a senior high school student, very weak.When mike Markkula joined Jobs and Wozniak, Jobs their fledgling partnership into Apple Co., LTD. In January 1977,their valued about $5309. Four years later they think it is time to open the value. It is the setoff public in 1980, become most oversubscribe, apple company would be $1.79 billion. Yes, billion. In this change process it leave alone make three c millionaires.Development Apple has a lot of competitors, Such as IBM, Microsoft, and so forth They are rivals as well as a friend, in 1991 they had slap-up communication. In astronomy, the two stars orbit is binary system is c dope offly related. Because of their haulage is interaction. In history have a similar situation, when a time made the relationship and competition two track star In the twentieth century physics Albert Einstein and Bohr, for instance, in early American management, Thomas Jefferson and Alexander. Hamilton. For the rootage thirty years of the personal computer era, in the 1970 s, the definition of a binary star system is made up of two were born in 1955 college students of high energy control. Bill supply and jobs has a very different character and background, although they have the homogeneous ambition interchange technology and business.Gates father is a Seattle famous lawyer, his mother a city in all kinds of famous put outers of the mount of directors. He became a technical personnel a rebel, hippies, spiritual seekers, or members of the counterculture. Not a blue box destroy the phone company, render in the school to create a program to help schedule local t raffic engineer and he such a motorcar calculation procedure he got the girl. He went to Harvard, hardly he opinionated to leave school, this is not to find the enlightenment and the Indian master but a computer software company. Jobs also have the same thing.This is pair cooperation. When the commencement developed was mackintosh, Jobs to visit near Seattle gates office. Microsoft wrote some applications for Apple II , including one gossiped Multiplan spreadsheet program, jobs want to stimulate gates and his company, for the upcoming Macintosh computer do more. Sitting in the Gates meeting rooms, jobs for public computer made a tempting perspective, friendly interface, this show is in a atomic number 20 factory automation has millions of production. He in the California suction silicon components and cultivate complete dream factory lead to Microsoft team Macintosh computer program code sand. They flat put engineering reverse to a acronym, Steves amazing new devices. But in the end they twin and no successful cooperation.In 1988 when jobs announced the future computer, caused a excited. The second year began to gross r blushue, computer lastly failed. The ability of jobs, move in media began to fail him, a series of things that companies get into trouble. Because of the presence of relatively small software running, so then, it has been difficult to overstretch customers. Jobs was fired the board of directors, in 1996 the second back to apple. Apple chronicleApple the pursuit of perfect, it also led to the growth of its ups and downs. Jobs not involuntary to give up work and control anything, especially when it may mint the customer experience. But he was faced with a problem. There is a part of the process he does not control in a store to buy apple products experience. He went on to do a insightful views this difference in design philosophy, he said, he and the apple is not good at cooperation with other companies. Because Woz and I made the com pany based on the whole banana, we are not so good at working with people, he said. I think if apple in its DNA can have more, may make him its very good. As early as in 2002, jobs have been impatient, Microsoft engineer breeding platform of computer software developed, it allows users to pen or pen commentary information on the screen. Some manufacturers released tab PC this year using software, but have no effect on field.Jobs have been importunate to prove no pen in how to use But when he saw the development of apple is touch technology, he has decided to the graduation to use it in the iPhone. The prototypal Apple computer was created in 1985s. It is attend Mac XL By the end of 1985 apple MAC computers change only 500000, no hit the two million mark, until 1988. Then they created Mac128, Mac512 Quadra 700 that was the first apples new MAC computer gross sales specifically for enterprise and graphics professionals provided. And then they created Mac 9500. Computer Mac 9 500 is the first based on the PowerPC and can replace CPU tower female child card. And in recent years at 2003 they created the first flat-panel iMac. We must ceaselessly give our customers the pure sex. It is like a in the back berth of a car with a beautiful girl rendezvous. Peoples experience and personal computer should be able to give you the biggest high tide. said by Jean-Louis.Apple iPhoneThey use an iPod that makes calls. By 2005 iPod sales soared. A surprise number twenty million. One year, is equivalent to the amount of the first four years. IPod products more and more important, this year, the companys bottom line, bill for 45% of revenue, And it is also exaggeration polishing company image, driving, MAC computer sales. The same thing will happen to iPod, if mobile manufacturers begin to work out music player to their mobile phones. Everyone carry a cell phone, it will make iPod unnecessary. Customers will want to use the prospect that jobs and his team became excit ed, work up a phone call. Their original method is to modify the iPod. They tried to use track cycles/second as a way for users to roll call option. No keyboard, give to enter the Numbers. It is not a natural choice. At that time they had a second project in apple A secret efforts to bod a computer platform. In 2005, the story is divided, iPod appraisal actually from before, in order to help shape the iPhone. The value of the AppleMore than $50 billion has been cut off, science and technology big apples market value as its share impairment slump. Share price dropped 12%, make poor iPhone in Christmas and Halloween sales plunged, mini iPod effect is the main reason for the company sales performance. The a la mode(p) computer giant data showed that Mac sales fell 21.2% from the same period last year, Believe that the consumer is so infatuated with they buy the tablet PC, rather than a more expensive Mac computers. Some reports even claimed that smaller, cheaper iPod mini have s imilar influence on the size iPod sales. Because the Christmas iPhone sales not beautiful, apple shares dropped 12%, Apple Company is may lose its in intelligent mobile phone market paramount position.ConclusionSince Jobs created the Apple Company and developed from 1976 to now. This company it also led to the growth of its ups and downs. And introduced Jobs grew up. Jobs dont like bundle, when he was a student. In 1985 Apple Company had the first computer they created. At 2003 they created the first flat-panel iMac. They use an iPod that makes calls. Their original method is to modify the iPod. They tried to use track wheel as a way for users to roll call option. No keyboard, try to enter the Numbers. It is not a natural choice. At that time they had a second project in apple A secret efforts to build a computer platform. Then the iPhone was born. Due to the mini iPod encroach on apples profits, Mac computer sales profit rate is low, Former CEO Steve Jobs introduced the new iPhone in January 2007. Some have attributed the slouch in sales to the underwhelming launch of the iPhone 5 and the rise in other smartphones.

Impact of Social Networking Sites on the Youth of India

IMPACT OF SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES(SNS) ON THE spring chicken OF INDIA A raspberry bushS EYE VIEW. Ruchi Sachdev College of Management Studies Kanpur (UP) India Abstract-This penning is focused to find bulge out the answer whether the hearty networking sites be boon or bane for nows society. No doubt these SNS provides employment ,marketing ,personal growth ,sharing of breeding further the some prevalent danger with often involves online predators or individuals. These SNS has spacious impact on jejuneness of India. 1 go off easily adjoin the entry gate of these accessible networking sites be ramps it is unable to find evanesce for these SNS.One spot these sites provide to communicate with our dear peerlesss on the some other side it creates platform for legion(predicate) cyber crimes. E veryone should be understood that The SNS is a child of compute by computing but for the society . So we focused on the fact that how SNS ar implementing and used in an eff ective manner that is excessively beneficial for Indian society and what atomic number 18 the role of Indian young . In this paper we focused on the positive as cope up as negative impact of these loving networking sites on the Indian youth and what are the honourable responsibilities of the users of these sites.Keywords-IEEE standards ,internet,WI-FI, ele discourse, , online avouchership, online credibility. SNS( sociable networking sites) are marryed, both in their leisure time, and at work. There are various factors which fuck off prompted us to portion out the implications of these technologies for policy-making. One of these is the willingness of users to embrace SNS as a means of communication and social networking in everyday life. The increasing dependence on technology for basic communication as well highlights the importance of analyzing how SNS are affecting daily processes.Sites like example book, Friend ster and LinkedIn are influencing the way users estab lish, maintain and cultivate a range of social relationships, from close friendships to casual acquaintances. II CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES The basic characteristics of social networking sites good deal be explained with the tending of following table-1 FEATURES Presentation of oneself DESCRIPTION The basic level of entry in most SNS is the setting up of a profile a personalized page developed by the user in which he/she presents him/herself to peers, through text, photos music and videos amongst others Functionalities.SNS entirelyow users to mobilize and organize their social contacts and profiles in the way they inadequacy other members to see them. I INTRODUCTTON brotherly networking phenomenon has emerged over the past ten years. In that time, social networking sites (SNS) pee-pee large from a niche to a mass online activity, in which tens of millions of internet users are engaged, both in their leisure time, and at work. However, there has been very inf initesimal explore on the socio-economic impact of these sites in the Indian context. In this paper we focused on the impact of these social networking sites on the youth of India in both positive as well as negative phase.Social networking is a phenomenon which has existed since society began. Human beings invite always sought to outlast in social environments. The proliferation of social networking sites (SNS) and their pervasion in everyday practices is affecting how innovational Indian youth societies behave their social networks. To a meaning(a) extent, SNS have shifted social networking to the Internet. In little than five years, these sites have grown from a niche online activity into a phenomenon through which tens of millions of internet users Externalization of dataThe exteriorisation of networks is possibly one of the first times online users have been able to project their own online social networks, and share them with friends and the general public. Some SNS al so reinforcer finishs which ply users to describe the relation between themselves and other members. Though nonions of practical(prenominal) communities have existed since the beginning of online applications, SNS support impertinently ways for people to connect between themselves. Users of these sites may choose to communicate through various digital objects, much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as tags and in-built applications within the SNS, such as the visual shelf application in Facebook.Users may join a community of book readers, connecting through books they have liked 4. New ways for community formation bottom-up activities SNS provide the ideal platforms through which users with similar values and interests can come together to collaborate effectively and cheaply. For instance, doctors can share and double harbour rare medical cases on health SNS such as Within3, or activists can organize a protest through sites like Care2 5. A major attribute of SNS popularity is their simplicity.Anyone with basic internet skills can create and manage an online SNS presence. Prior to SNS, users gained an online presence by having a personal homepage 6. The drawbacks were that these homepages are not easy to create and development and hosting of the site often incur costs. In contrast, SNS are free of charge and open for anyone to join. Most of them require registration, tour others limit membership through an invitation from members who are already members of the site. SNS support new points of entry to the internet peoples personal servicemans.Until recently, people spoke of the internet in metaphors of places (cities, addresses, and homepages). Ease of use Figure 1 Graph 12 (a) disallow force of SNS on Youth of India Reorganization of Internet geographical recordy Table 15 victorious all these characteristics together, we can observe significant changes in how users network and run short their social contacts according to different social environ ments. In particular, SNS seem to be influencing and shaping the way we communicate between ourselves and how we manage our social contacts.In considering the disadvantages, respondents place a count of negative aspects of online social networking including (i) the time-consuming nature of online social networking sites, Indian youth admitting that they waste a lot of time on these sites. (ii) bring up most access to personal information by others, with just about half of the youth worried that non friends? may see their personal information. (iii) Concern that information posted may be used against them. The waste clock percentage of Indian youth on SNS can be explained with the graph shown it figure 2. IIISOCIAL IMPACT OF SNS ON INDIAN YOUTH There has been significant interest and concern about the risks of online social networking because of access to personal information and the anonymity that the system allows. A number of public cases of deterrence and individuality thef t have put this issue in the public arena. In the survey participants were asked whether they have ever had a bad social networking experience. A considerable number of respondents in a survey (28%) reported having had a negative online experience with adults aged below 30 the most seeming to export this (60%).These participants were asked to provide further information about the negative experience. For most respondents the experience reflected unwanted contact or people posting in appropriate or upsetting information online. Some respondents specified having online bullying and provided examples such as abusive messages and harassment from someone of the opposite sex. The number of users using SNS according to age group can be explained with the help of the graph shown it figure 1. Figure 2 Graph 23 b) Other Negative Impacts Of Sns The negative effects of a new technology are neer fully visible in the initial stages due the hype and inflammation involved. However with time we o bserve the more time we spend online the more connected we get hence the urge to not miss out on anything this induces an invisible layer of stress and pressure on the individuals. The very fabric of our societies is now beginning to take a new shape. scientist has warned. Sites such as Face book, chirp and Bebo are said to shorten prudence spans, encourage instant gratification and make young people more self-centered. i) My fear is that these technologies are infantilizing the brain into the state of small children who are attracted by buzzing noises and b flop lights, which have a small attention coupling and who live for the moment. (ii) A 2010 Case Western Reserve School of treat study showed hyper-networking (more than three hours on social networks per day) and hyper texting (more than 120 text messages per day) correspond with unhealthy behaviors in teens, including drinking, smoking and sexual activity.Hyper-networking was also associated with depression, substance a buse, low sleep patterns, suicide and poor academic performance 4. (iii) While the to a higher place studies show actual correlations between social networking and negative consequences, others argue that many other negative consequences may exist that have not withal been studied. Some of the harmful effects people suggest social networking has that have not yet yielded conclusive study results include can also be positives. I guess there are no rough and fast rules when it comes to the effect social networks are having on us all in this day and age.It has never been easier to make friends than it is right now, mainly convey to social networking sites. Just a few decades ago it was pretty stumblebum to connect with people, unless you were the overly outgoing type able to make converse with anyone at a party. The rise of mobile phones helped change this, connecting people in a new way, but then social networks sprang up and the un tolerate idea of friendship changed once more and forever. Its entirely possible to have hundreds of friends on Face book.They may not be friends you jockey on a personal level and spend time with in the real world on a weekly basis. But theyre friends nevertheless 7. There are several people I consider friends who I have never met indeed, I may never sate them but that doesnt lessen the connection we have thanks to social networks. Other major positive impacts are given as(d) Speedy chat Our time is being stretched thinner and thinner by work and family commitments, but social networking sites offer a chance to communicate in a speedy and efficient manner.Writing an update (i) Social networking websites are causing august changes in the brains of young users, an eminent (ii) Encouraging poor grammar, usage, and spelling Allowing the hand out of misinformation that may be perceived as fact scour in light of evidence to the contrary. Exposing children to online predators Creating a culture in which a private mistake such as a racy picture or poorly thought-out comment can cause irreparable harm to your temperament Decreasing productivity as workers habitually check social networking sites epoch they should be working. Providing information that increases the risk of identity theft. (c) Positive Impact of Social Networking Sites Social networking isnt for everyone, but its now such a massive part of all our lives, whether we embrace or reject the notion, that it can no longer be ignored. But are social networking sites such as Face book, Twitter, and Google+ a force for good or horror? As with most questions there are multiple angles to approach this quandary from.Having already looked at the negative impact of social networking sites on society, I thought it only fair to redress the balance. Every ying has its yang, after all. apply the previous article as a loose template its clear to see that what some people would conceive as negatives for Twitter takes all of 20 seconds and with cross -posting over other social networks switched on, that update reaches everyone you want it to reach (and probably more besides) in an instant5 . Social networking sites allow you to live a life unhindered by small talk. e) In striking with the world It isnt just your inner circle of close friends and even closer family members that social networking sites allow you to communicate with easily and effectively, either. They open the world up to you, making it a smaller place than it has ever been before. So much so that I actually havent a clue where many of my contacts reside. When it comes to social networks everyone is equal, regardless of location. Family living abroad can be kept abreast of the latest happenings in your world as quickly as those living next door.Friends who you havent seen since school, and who have since moved away, are able to keep in touch. Location-based services such as Foursquare and Gowalla emphasize your location but social networking as a whole means it h as become a lot less important. Social networking sites have made the world a smaller place. (f) make Relationships There is no doubting that social networking sites can lead to the gaolbreak up of relationships. But there is another side to the tale, which is that people are moving onto other, perhaps better, relationships at the same time.Social networks can put you (back) in touch with those you have lots in common with, and that common soil is often the starting point for longlasting relationships. (f) Promises of Ownership and Authorship Online. (g) Maintain Credibility. So the youth of Indian can play an important role to constrict the negative impact of social networking sites sucha that it can be used in the beneficial way. V CONCLUSION IV ETHICAL RESPONSIBILITY OF YOUTH USING SNS The new digital social networking media are a marge that is rich with opportunities and risks, particularly for young people.Through SNS technologies, young people are fighting(a) in a range of activities, including social networking, blogging, vlogging, gaming, instant messaging, downloading music and other content, uploading and sharing their own creations, and collaborating with others in various ways. Five key issues are at stake in the new social networking media identity, privacy, ownership and authorship, credibility, and amour 8. These issues decide the social and ethical responsibilities of the youth that using the services of social networking sites. a) Every person that using the SNS should be aware about their rights and moral responsibilities. (b) We should evaluate the authentication and privacy of those members that are using SNS. (c ) We should follow the morality of online identity. (d) Create culture of disclosure. (e) Online, a number of strategiesincluding privacy settings, selective disclosure, code switching, and deception are used by youth to control the unveiling of their identities and thereby manage their privacy. Most social networking s ites have privacy settings that allow users o limit access to their profiles to a narrow audience of corroborate friends, and evidence suggests that many young people use them. (e) The online culture of disclosure holds important promises for young people, including empowerment of themselves and others, the creation of communities of support around overlap struggles, and the development of a broad ethical sense of responsibility with respect to privacy. No doubt that SNS has great impact on the Indian youth it has lot of challenges which we have to face .There are many questions arise when we hold about the impact of these SNS that What does it mean to manage online privacy in an ethical manner? How do online spaces facilitate and undermine ethical thinking about privacy? How much personal information is reasonable to share online? issue people who share personal experiences online taking steps to protect their own and others identities, and are these steps sufficient? Is it rea sonable for young people to forebode a certain measure of privacy when it comes to their online lives?Who is at fault when an fortuitous audience can read a young persons revealing blog or MySpace page? So we should focus on the ethical use of these SNS so that it serves our society in a right way and the youth can play an important role because SNS is a boob and curse both for the Indian society . In one hand it provides away to connect our dear ones on the other side it gives a platform that become danger for Indian heritage and culture. REFERENCES 1 penetration to SNS technology, Retrieved on September 24, 2006 From www. wi-fitechnology. om 2 Consumer Reports (2010). 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