The play A View from the Bridge is set in the 1940’s in a place called :: English Literature

The play A View from the pair is laid in the 1940s in a place called Red Hook in America. Arthur Miller is the writer of this playA View from the BridgeThe play A View from the Bridge is set in the 1940s in a placecalled Red Hook in America. Arthur Miller is the writer of this playand he has been quoted as byword that this play is based on a brood ofhis own personal experiences. The culture of Red Hook is a mixture ofthe newly formed American culture and the Sicilian culture, which hascome through immigrants world brought here from Sicily. The main character references in the play atomic number 18 Eddie Carbone, who is a long shoreman, hiswife Beatrice, their niece Catherine who is adopted, and there areBeatrices two cousins, called Marco and Rodolfo, who are illegalimmigrants from Sicily, flavor for work in America. Beatrice andEddie are both American citizens, and were born in America, but theirgrandparents were from Sicily. Catherine has been raised and broughtup by Beatri ce and Eddie since she was a young child and Eddie has heavy(a) attached to her and is very protective of her due to hisincestuous attraction to her. Alfieri is a lawyer from an ItalianAmerican background and has lived in Red Hook since he was 25. Alfierihas a dual role in the play. He speaks directly to the audience and hereminds the audience of things that stupefy happened in the play, plus heis also a character involved in the action of the play.Alfieri introduces the themes that run through the play. In Alfierisopening expression he uses the words watched it run its bloody chassis asif he knows something bad is going to take place in the play, atragedy. Alfieri also points come in that there is a difference betweenthe current American law and the ancient law of the Sicilian justicebecause the law has not been a slap-up idea since the Greeks werebeaten and the justice is very of the essence(p) here these quotes areshowing how the people are connected to Sicilians from thei r past. Itis important for Alfieri to be a character as well as the narrator inthe play because as the narrator he comes in to speak directly to theaudience and keep us interested in what is happening. As a characterin the play, he is important because he talks to Eddie and tries tohelp him, because he understands him. He gives the audience insightsinto Eddies character.The play A View from the Bridge is set in the 1940s in a place called English LiteratureThe play A View from the Bridge is set in the 1940s in a place called Red Hook in America. Arthur Miller is the writer of this playA View from the BridgeThe play A View from the Bridge is set in the 1940s in a placecalled Red Hook in America. Arthur Miller is the writer of this playand he has been quoted as saying that this play is based on a lot ofhis own personal experiences. The culture of Red Hook is a mixture ofthe newly formed American culture and the Sicilian culture, which hascome through immigrants being brought here f rom Sicily. The maincharacters in the play are Eddie Carbone, who is a long shoreman, hiswife Beatrice, their niece Catherine who is adopted, and there areBeatrices two cousins, called Marco and Rodolfo, who are illegalimmigrants from Sicily, looking for work in America. Beatrice andEddie are both American citizens, and were born in America, but theirgrandparents were from Sicily. Catherine has been raised and broughtup by Beatrice and Eddie since she was a young child and Eddie hasgrown attached to her and is very protective of her due to hisincestuous attraction to her. Alfieri is a lawyer from an ItalianAmerican background and has lived in Red Hook since he was 25. Alfierihas a dual role in the play. He speaks directly to the audience and hereminds the audience of things that have happened in the play, plus heis also a character involved in the action of the play.Alfieri introduces the themes that run through the play. In Alfierisopening speech he uses the words watched it run it s bloody course asif he knows something bad is going to take place in the play, atragedy. Alfieri also points out that there is a difference betweenthe modern American law and the ancient law of the Sicilian justicebecause the law has not been a good idea since the Greeks werebeaten and the justice is very important here these quotes areshowing how the people are connected to Sicilians from their past. Itis important for Alfieri to be a character as well as the narrator inthe play because as the narrator he comes in to speak directly to theaudience and keep us interested in what is happening. As a characterin the play, he is important because he talks to Eddie and tries tohelp him, because he understands him. He gives the audience insightsinto Eddies character.

Effects of divorce :: essays research papers

Each year, over 1 million American children suffer the divorce of their parents moreover, half of the children born(p) this year to parents who are married will see their parents divorce before they turn 18. Mounting evidence in social science journals demonstrates that the devastating physical, emotional, and fiscal effects that divorce is having on these children will last well into adulthood and affect future generations. Among these broad and damaging effects are the following     Children whose parents capture divorced are increasingly the victims of abuse. They exhibit more health, behavioral, and emotional problems, are involved more frequently in crime and drug abuse, and have high rates of suicide.      Children of divorced parents perform more poorly in reading, spelling, and math. They also are more likely to repeat a grade and to have higher(prenominal) drop-out rates and lower rates of college graduation.    &nb spFamilies with children that were not poor before the divorce see their income drop as much as 50 percent. Almost 50 percent of the parents with children that are going through a divorce move into poverty afterwards the divorce.      Religious worship, which has been linked to better health, longer marriages, and better family life, drops after the parents divorce. The divorce of parents, even if it is amicable, tears apart the fundamental unit of American society. Today, according to the Federal Reserve Boards 1995 Survey of Consumer Finance, only 42 percent of children senior 14 to 18 live in a "first marriage" family--an intact two-parent married family. It should be no surprise to find that divorce is having such(prenominal) profound effects on society.Restoring the importance of marriage to society and the welfare of children will require politicians and civic leaders to make this one of their most crucial tasks. It also will require a modest com mitment of resources to pro-marriage programs. Fiscal conservatives should realize that federal and state governments spend $150 billion per year to subsidise and sustain single-parent families.

Dreaming of Home Essay -- Personal Narrative Descriptive Dreams Essays

Dreaming of HomeEveryday, after waking up, I formd that I had been dreaming about home again. I lay perfect(a) at the ceiling for a moment or two. Then, dragging myself from the bed, I walked to the window and threw open the curtains. The wide open space of the New Mexico high vacate stared arse blankly at me. The cobalt blue skies, peach colored Sandia Mountains and endless waves of sagebrush and juniper stood in stark contrast to my dreamscape. For the past ogdoad years, my first view of the day was this one. But today was different. Today, I was going home.I grew up in Dublin in the 1970s. To understand how that shaped the soul I am today, you have to understand something about Ireland at that time. It has been said by someone a lot more insightful, and perhaps more misanthropical than me, that the 1960s didnt reach Ireland until about 1975. So I grew up in a time of great change, where the old social norms were being challenged and cast aside. Of course, in my growing ye ars, I didnt always understand this. I viewed Dublin through the eyes of a child. I led a fairly sheltered existence, the firstborn of seven children. My parents were country people and had moved here after the birth of my first sibling, Paul. My father worked in the construction industry and construction jobs were much more plentiful here than in the backwaters of Wicklow where he was born and bred. My mother was from the West, born in County Clare and was the daughter of a farm laborer. Her father, Patrick Murray, had moved where the work was too, and had ended up settling and eventually retiring in Wicklow. This was where my parents met and where I had come into being. Our days in Dublin were regularly punctuated by trips to the country to visit my gr... ... We were old friends and lovers, cultivation that what it was to know one another again and tentatively finding our way back into each others lives. I still love Dublin, but I realize now that I love it despite itself and no t because of itself. I think, perhaps, that is how its always been.And a strange thing happened.I awoke one dawning to find myself back in my bedroom, back in New Mexico. My wife lay sleeping beside me, lost in her own dreams. The house was quiet. I walked once more to the window and opened those curtains. The room was immediately filled with warm, brilliant sunlight. The sky was that same fantastic shade of blue and the Sandia Mountains glistened as ever in the early morning light. I gazed out across the waves of sagebrush and juniper and cognise I had not dreamed of home. Looking back to where my wife lay sleeping, I realized I was home.

Napoleanic reign :: Napoleon Bonaparte

Jason fishNapoleon Bonaparte was a genius, but above that he was a ruthless tyrant, who sought-after(a) global conquest through waging wars against all of Europe, starting with the smaller European countries. Born in 1769 to a family of nobles, he was in a position of violence since birth. Perhaps one of the deciding factors in his thirst for military conquest was the fact that his father placed him in a military academy at the ripe age of 10, and received his officers commission. At roughly the age of 20 he was an officer in the French novelty. As the revolution came to a close, he was an acknowledged officer, and held much authority over the population of France. By giving the church more power he gained much prestige with the people of France. Once he attained enough power he appointed himself the emperor. Under his rule all authority would be placed in the hands of paid officials. He also implemented a merit based payment system for the people. His rule of the Napoleon Code is well cognise for the many changes that it implemented. The Napoleon Code brought the recognition of marriages that were not preformed in the church, as well as divorces. It removed political rights of women that they had worked for over the last few centuries. finally the code set a policy for the judicial system that convicts were guilty until proven innocent, which is the contrary of the stance in our current government. Up until this point he had the general publics approval and was embraced by the majority of its citizens. His popularity fell as he began waging war after war on Frances neighboring countries. At the battle of Cape Trafalgar he attacked Britain with the aide of the Spanish forces. This was the first major loss for Napoleon as both the French and Spanish militaries were disappointed by Heratio Nelson, the commander of the British army. This did not stop Napoleon from continuing his ongoing war with the rest of Europe. After his defeat at Cape Trafalgar, he bega n winning several wars against such European countries as Sweden, Germany, and Russia. While continuing to move his army throughout the eastern continent, he imposed his beliefs amongst all those he conquered, by abolishing serfdom in all areas which he had defeated. After years of war, even his faithful followers were becoming tired of the constant battles which he waged.

In A View From The Bridge, Show How The Audiences Opinion Of Eddie :: English Literature

In A View From The distich, Show How The Audiences Opinion Of Eddie Changes.In A View From The Bridge, Show How The Audiences Opinion Of EddieChanges. elevate To The Dramatic Effects Of A Few Key ScenesA View From The Bridge is a tomboy by Arthur miller. It was firstproduced as a one-act play in verse in 1955, and had the name of AnItalian Tragedy. The play is rooted in the late 1940s when Millerbecame interested in the works and lives of the communities of thelongshoremen of New Yorks Brooklyn Bridge where he had previouslyworked. He mentioned it in his autobiography Timebends as waterfrontwas the Wild West, a desert beyond the law, where was populated andworked by people who came to America desire the American Dream,wealth, work and security which their own countries could notguarantee. This play was set in the 1950s, and at that time Americawas seen as the land of opportunity for many people, to get moving a newlife, escape their past or just for a change, people believed Am ericaheld the key. However this was not the case, as immigrants often livedin the closely run down parts of town and found themselves out of workand with little money to live on the or send their families at home.Miller was concerned with this living through the depression, whichbankrupted his father, and he saw the effects on the ordinary people.It was during this time that Miller heard a story from one of hislawyer friend of a longshoremen who had ratted to the immigrationbureau on two brothers, his own relatives, who were living illegallyin his very home, in order to break an engagement amongst one of themand his niece. This story became the model of A View From The Bridgewhen he paid a visit to Sicily and saw the awkward situation of theItalians without work and food, combine with his own experiences ofItalian immigrant workers in Brooklyn. Miller also wanted this play tobe a modern version of a Greek Tragedy, in which a central characteris led by fate towards an inevitable destiny thus when the finalversion of A View From The Bridge was published in 1956, he retainedmuch of the content of the verse but transformed it into prose. Inthis essay I shall discuss how the audiences opinion of the centralcharacter of the play, Eddie Carbone, changes and the factors that ascertain them.In the opening scene, when Eddie first appears on stage, the way he

In A View From The Bridge, Show How The Audiences Opinion Of Eddie :: English Literature

In A View From The Bridge, Show How The Audiences touch Of Eddie Changes.In A View From The Bridge, Show How The Audiences Opinion Of EddieChanges. Refer To The Dramatic Effects Of A Few Key ScenesA View From The Bridge is a play by Arthur Miller. It was firstproduced as a one and only(a)-act play in verse in 1955, and had the name of AnItalian Tragedy. The play is rooted in the late 1940s when Millerbecame interested in the gets and lives of the communities of thelongshoremen of advanced Yorks Brooklyn Bridge where he had previouslyworked. He mentioned it in his autobiography Timebends as waterfrontwas the Wild West, a desert beyond the law, where was populated andworked by people who came to the States seeking the American Dream,wealth, work and security which their own countries could notguarantee. This play was set in the 1950s, and at that time Americawas seen as the land of opportunity for umteen people, to start a newlife, escape their past or just for a change, people be lieved Americaheld the key. However this was not the case, as immigrants often livedin the most run down parts of town and found themselves out of workand with little money to live on the or send their families at home.Miller was concerned with this living through the depression, whichbankrupted his father, and he saw the effects on the ordinary people.It was during this time that Miller heard a story from one of hislawyer friend of a longshoremen who had ratted to the immigrationbureau on two brothers, his own relatives, who were living illegallyin his very home, in order to break an scrap between one of themand his niece. This story became the model of A View From The Bridgewhen he paid a visit to Sicily and saw the awkward situation of theItalians without work and food, combined with his own experiences ofItalian immigrant workers in Brooklyn. Miller also wanted this play tobe a modern version of a Greek Tragedy, in which a central geekis led by fate towards an inevitable dest iny thus when the finalversion of A View From The Bridge was create in 1956, he retainedmuch of the content of the verse but transformed it into prose. Inthis essay I shall discuss how the audiences opinion of the centralcharacter of the play, Eddie Carbone, changes and the factors thatinfluence them.In the opening scene, when Eddie first appears on stage, the way he

Foreign and Local Literature of Effects of Online Games to Students

COMMONWEALTH HISTORY THE BIRTH OF THE MODERN COMMONWEALTH The birth of the modern soil, as we recognise it today, really began with the independence of India and Pakistan from Britain in 1947. In 1949, Indias desire to become a republic and to cut constitutional ties with the British monarchy while be within the area, forced leadership to rethink the principles of Commonwealth particleship. The London Declaration of the corresponding year dropped the word British from the associations title.Removing the requirement that member countries have the British Monarch as their Head of State, the same Declaration recognised King George VI as the symbol of their free association and as such Head of the Commonwealth. India was thus welcomed as the runner republican member in a modern, and voluntary, association. So exceptional was the spirit of accommodation on all sides in reaching this agreement that the Indian Prime Minister, Jawarhalal Nehru, was moved to say at the time that the Co mmonwealth could bring a touch of mend to the management of contemporary world problems.Committed to racial equality and national sovereignty, the Commonwealth became the natural association of choice for many new nations emerging forth of decolonisation in the 1950s and 1960s. Ghana achieved independence in 1957 and became the first majority-ruled African member. Jamaica was the first to claim independence in the Caribbean in 1962 and, in the same year, Samoa became the first among countries in the Pacific (excluding Australia and New Zealand). From this point on, the Commonwealth expanded rapidly.IMPORTANT MILESTONES IN HISTORY In 1965, an important milestone was reached when Commonwealth leaders established the Commonwealth Secretariat at Marlborough House in London. This was to be the associations own independent civil service, headed by a Commonwealth Secretary-General. The Secretary-General is now elected by Heads for no more than two four-year terms in office. Mr Kamalesh Sh arma, an Indian diplomat, took up office as the most recent Commonwealth Secretary-General in April 2008.He is the fifth, and follows the Canadian Arnold Smith (1965 1975), Sir Shridath Ramphal, from Guyana (1975 1990), Chief Anyaoku, from Nigeria (1990 2000) and New Zealander, Don McKinnon (2000 2008). Previously, the Commonwealth had been administered through the government of the UK, but this move made the Secretariat soluble to all member governments. It carries out consultations on their behalf, helps them with policy-making, the spread of information and the delivery of agreed Commonwealth initiatives.A year later, in 1966, the Commonwealth Foundation was launched to resist the work of a growing number of Commonwealth professional associations and NGOs and to promote Commonwealth art and culture. Two further milestones occurred in 1971. First, leaders adopt the capital of Singapore Declaration of Commonwealth Principles which gave the association a formal code of ethics and committed members to improving human rights and seeking racial and economic justice. The leaders state their belief in peace, liberty, human dignity and res publica.At the same time, they declared their abhorrence of racial prejudice, colonial domination and wide disparities of wealth. The Heads declared We believe that external co-operation is essential to remove the causes of war, promote tolerance, combat injustice and secure development. We are convinced that the Commonwealth is one of the most fruitful associations for these purposes(and that it can) provide a constructive example of the multi-national approach which is vital(and) based on consultation, discussion and co-operation. Secondly, they established the Commonwealth Fund for Technical Cooperation. Based on the concept of mutualism, the Fund was among the first to advance the idea of technical cooperation among developing countries. In 1991, building on the principals adopted in Singapore, the capital of Zimbabwe Declaration set the Commonwealth firmly on new course for a new century that of promoting democracy and good governance, human rights and the rule of law, and sustainable economic and social development.As part of the Harare priorities, the Commonwealth provides assistance to countries in transition to democracy by helping to draft legislation, review and amend electoral procedures and otherwise create the framework for democracy to take root. Between 1990 and mid-1996, the Commonwealth observed some 18 elections or referendums to further this work. At a 1995 summit in New Zealand, leaders adopted the Millbrook Commonwealth Action Programme to give practical expression to the Harare principles, particularly democracy, evelopment and consensus-building. They agreed on practical steps to address serious and glum violations of these principles and established a mechanism a Ministerial Action Group of Foreign Ministers to carry this forward. It was in this context that, in the face of human rights abuses by a military regime, they took the unprecedented step of suspending Nigerias membership.

Goya foods Essay

Started in 1936, Goya food is more(prenominal) famous in the American market where it has targeted the diverse Hispanic market the in the new markets it is targeting. With its headquarters in Secaucus, New Jersey the company deals in canned foods and other food products much(prenominal)(prenominal) as juice and grooming oil. Some of the major brand denominations in the market atomic number 18 extra virgin oil, Paela, Adobo and an assortment of designed recipes and mixes for the market.These products are spread out in four major industries Bakeries Beverage manufacture and bottling Coffee and tea manufacturing Fruit and vegetable processing Meat and food products processing Cereals and other foods processing Conrad Colon, the chemical groups marketing director says that the idea behind their vesting into different food products such as beans and rice is to trans spirt ordinary products to Goya specials (Luther, 2008, pp 69). Ranked number 366 in the Forbes magazine larges t private companies the company has shown that it is on its way from climbing form the small enterp set ups category to one of the top 20 multinationals. The firma has grown over era in size and form.At the moment the company is using its victor in the American and South American market as a indigence to launch its products in the Asiatic market such as Singapore and Taiwan, Malaysia and Hong Kong otherwise known as the Asian tiger economies. These economies are currently experiencing rattling high economic growth. Consumer spending is on the chute as the welfare of the society improves (Thang, 2008, pp 28). Competitive psychoanalysis Goya Foods is to enter the market at the height of its success as a brand offering something more than the common.Its brand is interchangeable with creativity in recipes (Luther, 2008, pp 67). In addition to this, Luther (2008 says that the company has transformed canned beans to more than canned beans to Goya beans. He notes that this is the no tion that the company is riding high on brand identification with quality and customer loyalty. Goya Foods, which had revenues of $713 million last year, has become synonymous with Hispanic packaged products of every persuasion. He cites the case where retail outlets and supermarkets have transformed form labeling Hispanic food aisles as so to Goya foods.This is against the traditional labeling systems where aisles are labeled as Asian foods. Of this, Conrad says We have been selling our products for 60 years, so that some of our products, like our black beans, fruit nectars and olives, have become part of the elaboration. The company has reciprocated this embrace with recognition of Hispanic g bolshie such as celebrating the Puerto Rican Day Parade in New York. Advertising and promotion is done two in English and Spanish even in their websites (Telvin, 2006 pp110)Moving on to the culturally rich market could then be a human activitying indicate for the company and the market if the entry to the market is intumesce strategized and the timing is correct. This gives the company a competitive advantage in that the markets in Asia have traditionally been cause by the Asian culture. Making a move into the market would appear to critics as banging your head on a wall. This is more so because chinaware has dominated the processed foods market in China and has manage to penetrate the US and European market.The strength of this growth in the market for Chinese products is pegged on low pricing other than brand name and quality. However, Colon sees this as a marvelous opportunity to challenge the status quo and introduce another culture in the market. He believes that the same cultural experimentation that has taken place in the US can be replicated in Asia using the right marketing strategies. He says their strength lies in the identification of the companys brand name with Hispanic culture which is very important in targeting the culturally incautious marke t in that region.Therefore, Goyas entry into the Asian market can be viewed as a cultural export form the Hispanic world. Telvin (2006, pp112) sees that the 2005 present by Goya foods to tsunami victims in South East Asia as courting strategy in the region before the marketer makes a lurk into the market. Goya Foods recognizes their major competitors in the American market are Del four-card monte, Can Agra and Kraft foods as shown in the companys website. Del Monte is one of the largest competitors with a global presence well represented in Asia by its Del Monte Pacific branch.The growth of this Pacific branch serving the Asian and American market has been experiencing double digits growth since the turn of the millennium. Former Chairman of Del Monte Pacific, Tony Chew says that the companys 100 plus years presence in the effort has created strong brand name for the company whose regional head marketer attributes to leveraging our strengths in production, marketing, and distribut ion, and expanding our business through synergistic alliances or strategic acquisitions One of the integration alliances are with the Cadbury Schweppes in US, Nabisco in Canada and Seven-up.Such alliances combined with an experienced management, strong financial base from shareholders and a long history has contributed to the companys labeling as one of Asias highest value creators This has created a kind of market entry barrier in the market with a lot of customer loyalty and strategic alliances forming the base of the barriers. attention forecast The bakeries industry as on of the very competitive market is expected to grow by 5% in 2009.This is a significant rise after the decrease in consumer spending hurt the market with estimated growth for 2008 only expected to be 2% in the American market. The growth leave behind steady up to around 4% in the next four years as per market predictions. Colon attributes their continued growth and dominance in the Hispanic American market to knowing the Hispanic market better than any competitor through market research. Given that there exist numerous of opportunities in a country like Malaysia, good market research in the country should be expected to yield good results.According to an industry report on the status of the processed food industry in Malaysia the industry has a lot of opportunities short listed as flour based products such as pasta, biscuits, pre-mixes, frozen pastries and chocolate confectionery cereal-based products such as breakfast cereals, muesli and rolled oats pure fruit juices, orange juice concentrates, frozen vegetables, edible barmy and canned fruit condiments, seasoning and sauces nutritional snacks such as fruit rolls and yoghurt bars health foods and bars halal-processed meat such as cured beefCanAgra as a competitor to Goya deals in brands such as Rosarita, Blue bonnet and Gilroys foods is already making a gradual exit from the Asian market after years of disappointing sales by c utting operations. With an extra room created by CanAgra, Goya can enter the making to have a share of the profits. Canned, frozen food processing industry is experiencing good growth despite the fall in this years consumer spending which has hurt sales across all industries. This industry is expected to register a increment of 1% to 5% from last years and maintain the same in 2009.Subsequent years are estimated to see the industry fall back to 4%. This increase in growth is largely tied to increase in population. In addition, Indias processed food industry is growing at an average of 12% per year. Such opportunities exist for companies such as Goya to make replete(p)(a) use of by venturing into the market. Goyas product strategy Recognition of culture as the main selling pint by the company has been put into full utilization through market segmentation by culture.Goya recognizes that eating habits from one cultural grouping to the other changes a lot. Therefore the company has re alized the indispensability to satisfy all markets by segmenting the niche markets and developing specific products for that market. According to a link in the companys website http//www. goya. com/english/recipes/recipe_category. html? id=6 the markets are divided into four major categories. These are Mexico, Central and South America, Spanish and the Caribbean. In each market there are various products in form of recipes that are unique to that market only.However, the aspect of cultural exchanges does allow variety in that cultural experimentation through Goya products is facilitated. The company has strategically make use of promotional and marketing campaigns that are well publicized. Alliances with traditional supermarkets and large retail outlets have helped in product placement as a form of advertising. In addition, the fact that Hispanic foods are all being labeled Goya is working well for the companys policy. However, the same labeling can lead to loss of market.Poor qual ity products meant for the Hispanic market can be viewed by the market as belonging to Goya which is not the case and hence the company loses customer loyalty on the basis of poor quality products. This would d be against the companys slogan If its Goya, it has to be good. Profitability and budget analysis Increased commodity prices and decreased consumer sending has for the better of this year proved problematic to marketers. In a bid to remain afloat, Goya and her other industry competitors were hale to increase their prices.Therefore, as Kraft foods admitted their increase in profits this year was partly due to a 7% increase in the prices of their products. Again, going by the same argument, the target of Goya hitting the $1 billion mark this year in sales is definitely going to be a reality (Thang, 2008, pg 27). Del Monte as the other competitor has also reported profits at 11. 1%. Given that all the industries in which Goya operates are estimated to be on the rise ceteris pari bus, then the market share for Goya in particular and to all the players in the industry is going to increase in the near future.Marked by such an increase in sales and profits, Goya is increasing her expenditure on marketing and promotional activities. Last year the company reportedly tripled its marketing budget to payoff market encroachment by competitors. Again, there have been increased sponsorship and philanthoppy activities by the company. As a result more Americans in addition to the Latinos are round to Goya foods for an alternative to the traditional American food to more stylized processed food.

Lesson Plan Template Essay

The student impart be able to solve an equation that contains cardinal single digit payoffs. The student will recognize the symbol for supplement. The student will successfully set up the equation and put the numbers in the correct sequence. Anticipatory Set T to each oneer will introduce the lesson by calling two students to the front of the room. One student will write atomic number 53 number (1-9) and the other student will write another number (1-9) on the board Teach Lesson / Model The instructor will adjust an addition and equals sign on the board and then introduce the lesson topic. The instructor will then briefly re-teach how numbers represent quantities.The tens blocks will then be apply to represent the numbers in the equations. The teacher will then complete several equations using both the tens blocks and the number line Guided Practice The teacher will then place several equations on the board and allow students the opportunity to help solve them. The teacher w ill use the mum bullock block (when the teacher or another student throws the mum ball to the student, they are allowed to speak) to call on students to participate. Students tend to like this and it allows for movement. The teacher will ensure that each student gets a chance to answer one question.Independent Practice Students that require extended time will be granted more time, and the very(prenominal) applies for students requiring separate settings. The students will be met on their level. The teacher will check the work of each student and will offer more practice during the neighboring days morning work. Also will have each student time to do IXL Online Math Practices and test Closure The teacher will collect the activity sheets and ask the students their thoughts on the lesson. The teacher will ask why topics such as this are important and have students leave alone situations where this skill could be beneficial Evaluation*Assessment/Rubrics Students should be graded on participation and the accuracy of their counting and writing skills students will be assessed by the weekly skills test that is conducted each Thursday. If the student is determined to have not mastered the concept, re-teaching will occur on Friday. MATERIALS AND RESOURCES Instructional Materials (handouts, etc. ) The instructor will use the blackboard/dry erase board to begin the lesson. The students will be provided with a worksheet with ten addition problems as well as sets of ennead blocks. The will be allowed to use a number line.Resources Internet IXL Online Math for practice and testing Review adding several 1-digits numbers in the vertical format, emphasizing that when the total is ten or greater you carry the number to the top of the tens towboat. Then add the numbers in the tens column, which, at this point, is only the number that was carried. Review adding a 1-digit number to a 2-digit number in the vertical format, pointing out that when the units column is ten or gr eater you put the number from the tens place in the answer at the top of the tens column of the 2-digit number.Then you add those two numbers in the tens column and put the sum in the tens column of the answer. The K- Kindergarten will be able to add two single digit numbers, each being no greater than 10, when provided with an oral equation within a one minute time period. (This task analysis is for a child who is able to see, and hear, and has normal developmental abilities. Some addition or variant stairs may be required for a child who has special needs).

Critical thinking and computer logic Essay

The goal of this paper is to identify the strengths and weaknesses that I possess and how they relate to my home life, work environment, and learning squad at school. I also impart layout a plan of action to address the correction of my weaknesses. Becoming aw ar of some of my weaknesses will be the first bar to lead to self improvement.My ability to multitask is probably one of my best qualities as a worker. creation a member of a support team, the ability to multitask is essential. We are very busy department addressing customers with immediate demands. The ability to prioritize and multitask enables these tasks to be accomplished efficiently and successfully. Home life has many tasks taking care of the dogs, mundane maintenance and fixing up the house. My handling the multiple tasks of home life allows my wife flexibility in her work schedule. When working in a team environment at school or on the job, the ability to multitask can be an incredible skill for the group. This al lows me to perform multiple tasks for the team I am on. It also gives the leader of the group the flexibility to delegate more to team members.Focus and dedication are new(prenominal) strengths that I possess. The ability to persevere and have the course of an assignment or job is a key to success. Being a long term student, this characteristic has enabled me to keep pushing toward the goal of a bachelors degree. There have been many times when Ive wanted to give because the task seemed likewise hard but I pushed on. I have learned through experience how to bounce back from adversity. You never know what life is going to bring you and this trait can be invaluable. Being in the technical field, the ability to reeducate oneself and adapt is vital. The focus and dedication needed to stay on top of technology is crucial. These characteristics have also assisted me in balancing my home, work and school life. Being able to prioritize and put my family life first has helped me to persev ere.My wife tells me and I tend to agree, that one of my greatest weaknesses is impatience. A forget me drug of this is fueled by the good characteristics ofenthusiasm and hyperactivity, but nonethe little is a weakness. This impatience has led me to quit and start school several times. In my work and school life, impatience affects my ability as a team member. I have a very short fuse and do not often work well members who need extra help. This leads to another weakness intolerance. I consider myself a compassionate person, but where work is related I am not very accepting of others weaknesses. My inability to remember when I was at that point hinders my ability to tutor or mentor a struggle co-worker or classmate. My impatience and intolerance at home is largely addressed towards myself. It has driven me to begin multiple projects around the house only to chock up myself into pure frustration when I can not finish them all as quickly as I would have liked due to other work and school obligations. I have similar problems at work and school. I tend to guard on too many projects and spread myself too thin.I tend to be a person who is very self-critical and therefore I am very critical of my wife, co-workers and classmates. I sometimes have extravagant expectations of myself and others. This weakness also makes it difficult to work in a team environment without conflict.Recognizing my strengths and becoming aware of my weaknesses is my first step towards self-improvement. The ability to ask for and fuck off feedback on these defects of character will be a very big asset in improving my personality as a whole. A lot of the impatience and intolerance I express towards others is usually an outward expression of how I feel towards myself. Through my faith and the practice of patience and tolerance towards others will lead me to my ultimate goal of having a servants heart. This ability to be unselfish at home, work, school, or wherever life may take me will ena ble me to achieve far more things than worldly success. Slowing down the number of projects at home will enable me to become less stressed and more focused on the tasks I need to complete. Using my ability to multitask does not mean I have to burn the candle at both ends. With the help, support, and feedback of those I am around, I will be able to improve myself and therefore improve my surroundings.

Role Of The Forestry Department In Malaysia Environmental Sciences Essay

2.1 IntroductionMalaysia is a tropical state which consists of three parts peninsular Malaysia and the two Borneo provinces of Sabah and Sarawak. Harmonizing to Forest Statistic Information for the Year 2009 from formal Website Forestry character peninsular Malaysia, the t whized country in Peninsular Malaysia is 5.89 one million million hect ars from overall Peninsular Malaysia Area which is 13.18 million hect ars.McMorrow & A Talip ( 2001 217, mentioning Wood 1990 ) nurse pointed erupt that, base on its public presentation up till the terminal of the mid-eighties Malaysia is one of the 14 major states with over 250,000 hectares de timbered yearly. They added that by the late 1980s half of the woodwindwind instrument terra firma country in Peninsular Malaysia and a fifth in Borneo had gone. A assortment of factors contribute to this province of personal argumentations. When de timberlandation and afforest adulteration became critical issues, switching cultivation wa s singled out by the authoritiess, and peculiarly by the Sarawak authorities, as the capitulum cause of forest loss. Yet, it has since been established that forest debasement due to switching agriculturists is minor ( Cramb 1989 Jomo et.al. 2004 Nicholas 2003 ) . The major causes of the diminution in forest country and quality include commercial logging, agricultural reading, dikes and relocation.To look profoundly into the purpose of the function of authorization from land office and forest section to obviate at a lower place-the-counter clientele in the woodswind, the writer will give some definitions well-nigh forest, nefarious wood activities which include felonious business of forestlands, illegal logging, etc. The Torahs such as home(a) contribute formula1965 and field Forestry meet 1984 that involve illegal business in wood have to be defined. Forest charge or sustainable forest direction eachways has to be defined to pass away out overview of forest ju risprudence enforcement and system monitoring in Malaysia. Since the respondents of survey are governments from land office and forestry section, thitherfore the maps, functions or duties besides need to be defined.2.2 Definition2.2.1 ForestHarmonizing to Oxford Advanced Learner s Dictionary, wood is a big country of land that is thickly covered with shoe maneuvers. While in Cambridge Advance Learner s Dictionary, wood is defined as a big country of land covered with trees and workss, normally larger than a wood, or the trees and workss themselves. Forest is a tough and intercrossed class. As defined in FRA2000, it is a combination of a land-cover category and a land-use category it relates non merely to the presence of trees of over 5m and 10 % canopy screen, but besides to the absence of other land utilizations such as agribusiness. It includes areas usually forming portion of the forest country which are temporarily unstocked but which are expected to return to forest ( FAO F orestry segment, 1998, p. 3 ) .Further complications stem from alterations in minimal size of country included ( 0.5 hour angle in FRA2000, compared with one hundred hour angles in FRA1990 ) . Rubber plantations were included as plantations in FRA2000 but non in FRA1990. And while a unvarying definition was employed in FRA2000, it has non bewilder a planetary criterion treatment continued thenceforth ( FAO, 2002 ) , and a different 1 has been agreed for describing on the Kyoto Protocol ( UNFCCC, 2002 ) . Even if a one-on-one definition is agreed, as in FRA2000, jobs remain and so may go even more(prenominal) insidious because they are less obvious. At the state degree, informations are collected harmonizing to topic definitions, and have to be adjusted to the international one Food and Agriculture Organization of the wholeed Nations ( FAO ) , Global Forest Resources Assessment 2010 showed that woodwind cover 31 per centum of entire land country.Degree centigrades Documents an d SettingsTHAMDesktopuntitled.JPGThe foundation s entire forest country is merely over 4 billion hectares, which corresponds to an norm of 0.6 hour angles per capita.The five most forest-rich states ( the Russian Federation, Brazil, Canada, the United produces of America and China ) history for more than half of the entire forest country. Ten states or countries have no wood at all and an extra 54 have forest on less than 10 per centum of their entire land country.Carol Yong ( 2006 ) revealed that the prescribed definition of a wood used in Malaysia differs from the Food and Agriculture Organization ( FAO ) definition, which excludes countries under agricultural reaps ( e.g. crude thenar ) . In Malaysia, nevertheless, the countries under oil thenar, gum elastic and tree harvests are of decennary regarded as wood. The inquiry of the definition of woods is peculiarly important in the Malaysian context where the Malayan woods are quickly vanishing and, conversely, forest planta tions countries are spread outing.Malayan Timber Council ( 2008 ) draws our attending that in the twelvemonth 2006, Malaysia has 32.95 million hectares of land country, of which 24.60 million hectares or 74.7 per centum of entire land country are classified as entire country under tree screen. Of these, 18.5 million hectares are forested country and 6.25 million hectares are other tree bulls. Of the entire country under tree screen, 8.96 million hectares ( 36.42 per cent ) are found in Sarawak, 11.23 million hectares ( 45.65 per cent ) are found in Peninsular Malaysia and 4.41 million hectares ( 17.93 per cent ) in Sabah. Sabah claims it has the least country under tree screen.S. Mather ( 1990 ) in Zalinda Binti Muhammad ( 2003 ) and Norisah Binti Kasim ( 2006 ) stated that wood is one spectrum which has cancel elements care merchandise of the forest, vegetations and zoologies, etc. Area of all the forest that has been identified at the center of decennary 1980 is more than 4000 mi llion hectare or 31 per centum of stand up of the Earth.Harmonizing to S.M. Mohd Idris who is the manager of Sahabat Alam Malaysia ( SAM ) or Friends of the Earth Malaysia ( 1987 ) in Norisah Binti Kasim ( 2006 ) , he stated that forests offer comfortive functions against environmental alterations. The complex function played by wood in the heat and H2O balance of the Earth is undeniable. At the local degree, the forest screen breaks the impact of heavy rainstorms on the dirt, reduces and slows down surface accord off, and minimizes dirt eroding every bit good as state of affairs of the drainage systems. Flash inundations and drawn-out inundations in m each countries of the topical universe are increasingly attributable to extended clearance of forested countries. 2.2.2 Improper OccupationHarmonizing to Oxford Advanced Learner s Dictionary, the significance of business is the act of life in or utilizing a edifice, room, piece of land, etc. Meanwhile the significance of improper is non allowed by the jurisprudence or equivalent word with illegal. in that respectfore improper business can be defined as the act of life in or utilizing a edifice, room, piece of land, etc which is against the jurisprudence.2.2.3 Illegal Forest Activities Illegal wood activities is a wide term that includes illegal logging it is used to mention to activities broader than merely harvest office, which is, conveyance, processing and trade ( Smith, 2002 ) . Brack and Hayman ( 2001 ) besides worryence that illegalities may besides determine during conveyance, including illegal processing and export, misdeclaration to imposts, and turning away of revenue enhancement enhancements and other monies. Illegal forest activities include all illegal Acts of the Apostless cerebrate to forest ecosystems, forest industries, and forest and non- smell wood merchandises. They include Acts of the Apostless related to the constitution of rights to the land and corrupt activities used to ge t forest grants.Illegal Acts of the Apostless include unauthorised business of public and cloak-and-dagger forestlands, logging in protected or environmentally sensitive countries, reaping protected species of trees, forest incendiarism, wildlife poaching, improper conveyance of wood and other wood merchandises, smuggling, reassign determine and other deceitful bill patterns, unauthorised processing of wood merchandises, misdemeanor of environmental ordinances, and bribing authorities functionaries ( Contreras-Hermosilla 2002a ) There are m both types of illegal forest patterns like public retainers may O.K. illegal contracts with private endeavor. Private commercial corporations may reap trees of species that are protected by jurisprudence from timber development. Persons and communities may arrange in public wood and illicitly take merchandises that are public belongings. Illegal activities do non halt at the forest. They travel down the line to trading operations in transit, processing and trade of wood merchandises. Persons or corporations may smuggle wood merchandises across international boundary lines or procedure indwelling wood stuffs without a licence. Corporations with immobile international links may unnaturally blow up the pecuniary value of imported inputs or deflate the bulk and monetary values of their exports to cut down their revenue enhancement liability and to ease the illegal transportation of capital abroad ( FAO 2001 ) .Contreras-Hermosilla nowadayss illustrations of illegal activities in the forestry sector, grouped into six classs illegal business of forestlands illegal logging incendiarism illegal beat trade and conveyance, and timber smuggling transfer determine and other illegal accounting patterns and illegal wood processing that shown in Table 1 below. 1 Illegal business of forestlandsa?Invasion of public forested lands by either rural househ senescents,communities or private corporations to change over them to agr icultureor cowss ranchinga? Practice of slash-and-burn agribusiness on invaded landsa? state of matterless provincials illicitly busying forested countries to pressure authoritiess to allow land ownership rights to them and these authoritiess purchasing lands from provincials.Illegal logginga? Logging protected speciesa? Duplication of droping licencesa? Girdling or ring-barking, to kill trees so that they can be legitimately loggeda? Contracting with local enterprisers to purchase logs from protected countriesa? Loging in protected countriesa? Logging outside grant boundariesa? Loging in tabu countries such as steep inclines, riversides and H2O catchmentsa? Removing under-/over-sized trees from public woodsa? Extracting more timber than authoriseda? Reporting utmost volume extracted in forest grantsto dissemble the fact that portion of the volumedeclared is extracted from non-authorized boundariesa? Loging without mandatea? Obtaining logging grants through and through with(pre dicate) payoffs.Forests incendiarisma?Setting forests on attack to change over them to commercial utilizations.Illegal timber conveyance, trade and ram smugglinga? Transporting logs without mandatea? Transporting illicitly harvested lumbera? Smuggling lumbera? export and importing tree species banned under internationaljurisprudence, such as Citationsa? Exporting and importing lumber in dispute of national prohibitions.Transportation pricing and other illegal accounting patternsa? Declaring lower values and volumes exporteda? Declaring purchase monetary values higher than the predominating market monetary values as equipment or services from related companiesa? Manipulating debt hard currency flows to reassign money to a subordinate or parent comp each, such as blow uping debt repay to avoid revenue enhancements on net in espousesa?Under-grading, under-valuing, under-measuring and misclassification of species exported or for the local market.Illegal forest processinga? Operating without a processing licencea? Ignoring environmental and social and labour Torahs and ordinancesa? Using illicitly obtained wood in industrial processing.Table 3 Examples of illegal patterns in the forestry sectorThe World Bank estimates that loss of gross caused by illegal wood activities throughout the universe is deserving US $ 5 billion yearly. Illegal wood activities occur in tropical, temperate and boreal woods. 2 Illegal forest activities abound in m all states, for illustration* In Indonesia, every bit much as 50 million three-dimensional metres of lumber are estimated to be illicitly cut-down each twelvemonth.* At least one-fifth of Russia s one-year lumber crop is taken illicitly, and illegal harvest home may account for every bit much as 50 per centum of the sum in East Asia.* In Cambodia in 1997, the volume of illicitly harvested logs was ten times that of the legal crop.* In Cameroon and Mozambique about half of the entire one-year lumber crop is illegal.* In Brazil, an estimated 80 per centum of lumber extracted each twelvemonth in the Amazon is removed illicitly.2.2.4 Illegal LoggingIllegal logging has no one-on-one definition. It is non a legal term derived from pacts, legislative acts, or tribunal sentiments. Neither is it a skilled term that professionals use in a consistent manner. In a general sense, illegal logging takes topographic point when lumber is harvested, transported, bought or exchange in misdemeanor of national Torahs ( Black and Hayman 2001 ) . This wide definition includes about whatsoever illegal act that may happen between the turning of the tree and the reaching of the forest-based merchandise in the custodies of the consumer ( Rosenbaum 2003 )There are normally no expressed definitions for illegal logging. In pattern, the definition can be derived from the legal misdemeanors that are reported on in the national statistics refering illegal logging. This does non needfully intend that other types of misdemeanors wo uld be ignored they may merely be save under different headers. In wide footings, the diverse legal misdemeanors associated with illegal logging can be divided into eight groups ( I ) larceny, ( two ) unauthorized harvest home, ( three ) non-compliance with ordinances related to timber harvest home, ( four ) non-compliance with the process of timber sales/concession award, ( V ) use of timber informations, ( six ) equivocation of revenue enhancements and fees, ( seven ) non-compliance with ordinances refering conveyance or export of lumber, and ( seven ) disobedience with labour Torahs Typically, the statistics on illegal logging in the states involved in the survey refer to misdemeanors which involve physical remotion of trees i.e. larceny, unauthorised harvest home and disobedience with cutting ordinances.Corruptness in connexion with lumber harvest home is non recorded under illegal logging unless it involves physical remotion of trees. All types of misdemeanors in the above l ist except larceny could affect corruptness. Based on interviews with assorted stakeh experienceders in the states involved in the survey, disobedience with labour Torahs is perceived to be merely weakly linked to illegal logging. Sector-specific records are non maintained and forest presidency is non involved in enforcement activities.The illegal logging phenomenon is neither new nor uncontested by the authorities. It started in the old ages prior to the societal economic reform it reached the vizor in 1997 and continues to day of the month. From this point of position, the illness has non infected merely one sector but has extended its roots into other sectors of the economic system, and the remedy for this unwellness requires the intersectoral cooperation of public disposal, non denying here the interested community and the work of the economic and environmental NGOs.2.3 Forest wayForest direction is the subdivision of forestry concerned with the overall administrative , economic, legal, and societal facets and with the basically scientific and proficient facets, peculiarly silviculture, protection, and forest ordinance. This includes direction for aesthetics, fish, diversion, urban values, H2O, wilderness, wildlife, wood merchandises, forest familial resources and other forest resource values. Management can be based on preservation, economic sciences, or a mixture of the two. Techniques include timber origination, seting and replanting of assorted species, cutting roads and tracts through woods, and forestalling incinerate.Formal forest direction in Malaysia was introduced in 1901 by the British colonial disposal with the creative activity of a wood section. The section was involved in forestry vegetation, silvicultural pattern, insurance policy training and forest saving. Forestry policies formulated by the British in the 1920s and 1930s were consolidated as the depicted object Forestry constitution ( NFP ) in 1978 to stock warrant orde rly slaying of forest direction, preservation and development across all provinces. This is because land and forest in Malaysia are purely province affairs. The ad hoc forest direction policy practiced by each province makes monitoring and control of forest resources at the federal degree hard. The bailiwick Forestry Act ( NFA ) of 1984 provides for orderly harvest home, renewal and preservation of trees at the sustainable output degree.2.3.1 Significance of Forest Management2.3.2 Sustainable Forest ManagementSustainable Forest Management ( SFM ) is the manner of direction in which growing exceeds timber crop, now besides encompasses economic sciences, environmental and societal qualities that contribute to the sustainability of forest dependent communities and ecosystems every bit good as the forest itself. Malaysia has a curriculum more environmentally-friendly and answerable concern patterns. This will assist cut down runing costs in the long-term and is a wise investing in t he hereafter, safeguarding the natural resources depending on corporations and communities. For illustration, local corporations in wood industries are fall ining WWF s Global Forest and Trade Network. They are aiming European and US markets, where consumers are progressively demanding wood merchandises from sustainably managed woods ( WWF-Malaysia, 2008 ) .Harmonizing to International Tropical Timber Organization ( ITTO, 1992 ) , sustainable wood direction is the procedure of pull offing woods to come across one or more clearly specified aims of direction with respect to the toil of a uninterrupted flow of coveted wood merchandises and services, without undue decrease of its incorporate value and future productiveness, and without undue unwanted effects on the physical and societal environments.FAO ( 1993 ) defines it as one which ensures that the values derived from forest meet present two dozen hours demands while at the same clip guaranting their continued handiness and use to long-run development demands.Sustainable Forest Management ( SFM ) is impossible to accomplish if a state does non hold a direction system. In this respect, the usage of more systematic attack in pull offing the woods in Peninsular Malaysia began in 1901 when the first forest police officer was appointed ( Ismail, 1996 ) . Since so, forest direction patterns in Peninsular Malaysia had been resulted to constant reappraisal and polish so as to undertake their suitableness in accomplishing forest reclamation and sustained output.Global Forest Resources Assessment 2010 study has provides a comprehensive overview of the consequences of FRA 2010 grouped harmonizing to seven subjects, covering central facets of sustainable forest directiona? Extent of forest resourcesa? Forest biological diversenessa? Forest wellness and vervea? Protective maps of forest resourcesa? Productive maps of forest resourcesa? Socio-economic maps of woodsa? licit, policy and institutional model2.4 Legal F rameworkThe forestry policies are implemented chiefly through the commissariats in the forest Torahs enacted for the three parts subject area Forestry Act 1984 for Peninsular Malaysia, Forest Regulation 1958 for Sarawak and Forest economy 1968 for Sabah, and the assorted amendments by the States. The other related ordinances that affect forestry for Peninsular Malaysia include the filth Conservation Act 1960, Environmental musical note Act 1974, National Parks Act 1980, Protection of Wildlife Act 1972, National Land Code 1965, Aboriginal Peoples Act 1954, Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 and Forest Rules 1985. For Sabah, the relevant ordinances include Forest Rules 1969, Wildlife Conservation characterization 1977, Land Ordinance 1930, Cultural Heritage ( Conservation ) 1997, Sabah Parks Enactment 1984, Biodiversity Enactment 2000, Conservation of Environment Enactment 1996, Water Resource Enactment 1998, and Environmental Quality Act 1974. Sarawak has the Natural Resour ces and Environment Ordinance 1997, Forest Rules 1962, Wildlife Protection Ordinance and Rules 1998, The Forests ( Planted Forest ) Rules 1997, Sarawak Biodiversity Centre Ordinance 1997, Sarawak Biodiversity ( Access, Collection & A Research Regulations ) 1998, Land Code 1958, Natural Resource and Environmental Ordinance, Water Ordinance 1994, Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994, Land Ordinance 1952, inwrought Code 1992, Native Code Rules 1996, and Native Custom Declaration 1996.2.4.1 The Torahs2.4.1.1 Malayan Fundamental lawForests are under the duty of the provinces as enshrined in the Malayan federal official Constitution. Under term 74 ( 12 ) of the Federal Constitution, land and forest ownership and direction is the duty of the State authoritiess. Each province has control over how they use and protect their forest resources so come up with their ain policies. For illustration, Sarawak governs under the Sarawak Forest Regulation of 1954 while Sabah operates under the Sa bah Forest Enactment of 1968. The executive authorization of the Federal presidential term merely extends to the proviso of advice and proficient aid to the States includes aid with forest direction, preparation of forces, behavior of research and presentation or experimental Stationss unless the State agrees to deputize some of their authorization to the Federal Government. However, the Federal Government is responsible for trade policies, import and export controls and international cooperation among others.Under the proviso of Article 74 article ( 2 ) of the Malayan Constitution, land and forest are defined as province affairs and are therefore within the legal power of the several(prenominal) State Governments. Clause ( 3 ) of Article 76 of the Malayan Constitution ensures that all Acts related to land and forest shall non come into force in a State unless it has been adopted by a jurisprudence make by the legislative assembly of the State. As such each State is empowered to rate Torahs on forestry and to explicate wood policy independently. The executive authorization of the Federal Government merely extends to the proviso of advice and proficient aid to the States, preparation and the behavior of research, and in the care of experimental and presentation Stationss.2.4.1.2 National Forest PolicyUpon independency from the British in 1957, the Colonial Office returned the woods to Malaysia. In 1958, with commissariats under the Federal Constitution, the National Land Council ( NLC ) was formed for organizing State and Federal policies and aims covering land usage, jab, forestry and agribusiness to explicate from clip to clip in audience with the Federal Government, the State Governments and the National Finance Council a national policy for the publicity and control of the use of land throughout the Federation the development of natural resources was hence sensed piecemeal, kind of than holistically ( Kathirithamby-Wells 2005 267 ) . The first measure to protecting the forest resources in Malaysia was the formation of the National Forestry Council ( NFC ) in December 1971. The end of the NFC was to make co-ordinated programs and efficaciously pull off Malaysians woods. The NFC is made up of the Chief Curates from all 13 provinces.Subsequently, this organic structure created the basis for the formation of the National Forestry Policy ( NFP ) . This policy was officially adopted by the Malayan authorities in 1978. This policy recognizes the importance of woods for the public assistance of both single communities and that state itself. Malaysia has dedicated itself to sustainable timber output patterns.The National Forest Policy for Peninsular Malaysia of 1978 was rewrite in 1992 to integrate several new elements, one of which is on the importance of forest jurisprudence enforcement. In this revised policy statements, it was emphasized that the State Governments through their several State Director Forestry must judicially impleme nt the National Forest Act 1984 ( Revised 1993 ) to guarantee sustainable forest resource direction and preservation.2.4.1.3 National Forestry Act 1984An Act to supply for the disposal, direction and preservation of woods and forestry development within the States of Malaysia and for affiliated feelings. There is the amendment to National Forestry Act 1984 in 1993 to supply for stiffer punishments for illegal logging and enlisting the Police and Armed Forces to help the Forestry subdivisions in transporting out enforcement to control illegal logging, lumber larceny and invasions.The cardinal step taken by the Government to forestall forest offense was by amending the National Forestry Act, 1984 to integrate new commissariats to discourage the accident of wood discourtesies. The Act was enacted to update and harmonise forest jurisprudence in the Peninsula. Prior to the Act, the assorted State authoritiess depend on the State Forest Enactment s, which were formulated in 1930 s, for legal guidelines on forest direction and preservation. The Act besides enables the sound execution of the National Forestry Policy passed in 1978. It was amended in 1993 to further beef up its commissariats to control illegal invasion of woods and larceny of lumber. The Act has been adopted by all the provinces in Peninsular Malaysia.The chief aims of amending the Act are as followsI ) To increase the punishments and fasten the processs in intensifying forest offensestwo ) To reassign load of cogent evidence from the prosecuting officer to the defence in the tribunalthree ) To depute power in authorship by State Director of Forestry under subdivision 88, 89, 90, 92 or 93 to each member of the armed forces non below the rank of Lance Corporal as empowered to the constabulary but shall non include the power of investigationfour ) To add new subdivisions ascorbic acidA and 100B for wagess and protection of betrayers severally, subdivision 101A for power of tribunal to order annulmen t and disqualification, subdivision 110A for discourtesies committed by licensee or holder of license, and sensitive Sixth Schedule for list of machines, equipment and conveyance .V ) To do general amendments in the national linguistic communication text, alteration of name in the national linguistic communication text and replacement subdivisions 5, 69, 101 and 1042.4.1.4 National Land CodeHarmonizing to subdivision 425 improper business, etc. , of province Land, uncommunicative land or excavation land National Land Code ( Act 56 of 1965 ) and ordinances, partition 425 ( 1 ) stated that any individual who, without lawful authorization Occupies, or erects any edifice on, any State land, reserved land or excavation land orClears, Big Dippers, digs, encloses or cultivates any such land or portion thereof orCuts or removes any lumber or bring forth on or from such land,shall be guilty of an offense, and tending(predicate) on strong belief to a all right non transcending ten yard Ringgit, or immurement for a term non transcending one twelvemonth.( 1A ) Any individual who abets the committee of an offense under sub-section ( 1 ) shall be guilty of an offense, and apt on strong belief to a all right non transcending ten railway yard ringgit, or duress for a term non transcending one twelvemonth, or to both.( 2 ) For the intent of this subdivision, State Land shall include all land held by or on behalf of Federal or State Government a local authorization or a statutory authorization exerting power vested in it by Federal or State jurisprudence. subdivision 426 besides stated that improper extraction or remotion of stone stuff besides show that any individual who without lawful authorization, extracts removes, or, conveyances or permits the extraction, remotion or transit of stone stuff from any land shall be guilty of an offense, and apt on strong belief to a all right non transcending 50 guanine ringgit, or imprisonment for a term non transcending five old ages, or to both. 3 Section 426A show that any constabularies officer non below the rank of Inspector, Registrar, Land Administrator, Settlement Officer or other officer duly authorized by the State Authority ( afterlife in this portion referred to as authorised officer may without warrant-Arrest any individual found perpetrating or trying to institutionalize or abetting the committee of an offense under subdivision 425 or 426Seize any vehicle, tractor, agricultural implement or other thing whatsoever which he has ground to believe was used or is being used in the committee of an offense under that subdivisionDemolish, destroy or take any edifice, or take ownership in the name of the State Authority of any harvest, erected or cultivated on any land land in dispute thereof.2.4.1.5 List of improper activities under each LawMisdemeanors of the protective commissariats ( harm of wood modesty through fire, prohibited Acts of the Apostless in a wood modesty, illegal logging and remoti on from other countries, cutting of undersized trees ) are punished by mulct and imprisonment in the instance of unauthorised entry for incumbrance with fencings or notice boards, by a all right entirely Idaho. Section 20 ( 1 ) ( C ) and 33 ( 1 ) . Assorted offenses of fraud, seclusion of grounds and having forest kibibyte goods are besides punished by mulct and imprisonment ( Section 30 ) .In add-on to mulcts and imprisonment, the Forest Enactment authorizes the tribunal to order the cancellation of licenses, the payment of any fees that would hold been collectible in the instance of unaccredited Acts of the Apostless that could hold been licensed, and compensation of 10 times the value of forest green goods removed or damaged ( Enactment No. 2 of 1968, Section 34 ) . There is besides proviso for combination of certain offenses come ining closed country, rehearsing switching cultivation ( Section 20 ( C ) , capable to the payment of an sum based on the mulct provided for the offense ( Section 35 ) .The Forest Enactment contains a figure of givens that shift the load of cogent evidence to the suspect charged with a forest offense. In prosecutions against licensees, if there is an extraction path from an country of alleged illegal remotion to the accredited country, or if the volume of lumber claimed to be covered by a license exceeds the production of the accredited country, the elements of illegal remotion or of ownership of green goods in regard of which an offense has been committed are presumed. In any instance in which the being of a license, payment of any royalty, ownership of farm animal or forest green goods, or the birthplace of wood green goods is in issue, the load of cogent evidence prevarications on the accused ( id. Section 38 ) .2.4.2 The Agencies Involved2.4.2.1 Forestry Department Peninsular MalaysiaForestry Department Peninsular Malaysia ( JPSM ) is one of the sections under the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Malaysia and consists of Peninsular Malaysia Forestry Headquarters, 11 State Forestry Department and 33 District Forest Office in all of the Peninsular Malaysia. The section is headed by Director General of Forestry and back up by two Deputy Director of Forestry. At the terminal of 2009, the figure of employees is about 5.432 people.Forestry Department is responsible for the direction, planning, protection and development of the Permanent Forest view as ( HSK ) in conformity with the National Forestry Policy ( NDP ) 1992 and National Forestry Act ( APN ) 1984.Peninsular Malaysia Forestry Headquarters responsible for the preparation of forestry policies, supplying advice and proficient services to State Forestry Department in the planning, direction and development of woods, forest harvest home and wood-based industries, forest operations research, and preparation and human resource development. At the Head Office of Forestry, there are two Deputy Director General who are Deputy Director ( Policy and Planning ) and Deputy Director ( operations and Technical ) is responsible for each of the six divisions. Meanwhile, there is one Unit of measurement and another one division is straight responsible to the Director General of Forestry.Sector Policy and Planning Deputy Director General of Forestry ( Policy and Planning ) in charge of planning and economic wood, forest resource direction, silviculture and preservation of forest biological science, wood development and forest eco-park, province Parkss, international personal businesss and forestry plantation and forest protection. Sector Operations and Technical Deputy Director General of Forestry ( Operations and Technical ) is responsible for the personal businesss of disposal and finance, technology, forestry, lumber industry, proficient and enforcement of the forest, forestry preparation and human capital development and information engineering systems development.2.4.2.2 State Forestry Department Negeri SembilanState Fo restry Department is responsible for the disposal and control of forest development, forest gross aggregation and development of province forest resources. The section besides plans and coordinates the development of wood-based industries. State Forestry Department is divided into Forest Operations Division and Forest Development and supported by the Office of the Forest District.Forest Operations Division is responsible for disposal, forest jurisprudence enforcement, gross aggregation, and co-ordinates and liaises with the Head Office of Forestry, other province sections, statutory organic structures and bureaus. Meanwhile Forestry Development Division is responsible for planning, implementing and supervising the activities of direction and development of woods, including biodiversity preservation, ecotourism development and rehabilitation of forest countries and the readying and execution of the State Forest Management Plan.Forest Office District is responsible for disposal, contr ol of forest development, forest gross aggregation and enforcement of forest Torahs. This office is besides responsible for implementing the activities of direction and development of woods, including forest direction of forest eco-park and province Parkss.The operation in the wood of State Forestry Department can split into two parts which are jurisprudence enforcement and forest harvest home. In jurisprudence enforcement portion, enforcement activities undertaken in all countries affect the Permanent Forest Reserve, the State Land Reserve and alienated land. In peculiar, this activity is to implement the National Forestry Act 1984 and amendments, the Rules of the Forest Enactment of the Wood application and the Rules of the Wood Industry.Forestry Department is besides taking a precautional attack to learning from clip to clip through Development Program and Publicity through seminars, classs and official accounts and besides in the field, particularly to operators / lumbermans t o follow with ordinances and Torahs in force.The consequences of the National Forestry Council-19 in 2005 had decided that all forest discourtesies affecting Section 15 and Section 40 of the APN 1984 ( Amendment 1993 ) ( instances of illegal logging ) are no longer allowed to be compounded, but proceed with prosecution in tribunal proceedings.In add-on, Section 86 and Section 107 is besides the subdivisions contained in the bing APN 1984 ( Rev. 1993 ) for instances of mistakes that can non be compounded even though it is the first clip. All of these discourtesies shall be referred to the State Legal Advisor for more sentiments and execution of appropriate direction.Reaping of woods in was conducted in conformity with demands of the standard standards, indexs and activities set by the ITTO Year 2000 Objective and the MS ISO 9000 for the development of Forest Land in the Permanent Reserved Forests are capable to an one-year allowable cut an country of 2.460 hectares. Forest Harvesting is the chief standards to pull off and life woods in line with the rules of Sustainable Forest Management for the benefit of societal, economic, cultural and environmental.The harvest home of woods is taking activity and forest green goods that contributes to the development and socio-economic development. Reaping the Permanent Forest Reserve is an activity that must be implemented harmonizing to the best forest direction systems to cut and take plenty wood to size and adulthood of the demands of wood-based industries. Harvesting is carried out selective cutting system with adequate left base at the following unit of ammunition in line with the economic development of forest resources to guarantee sustainability and environmental stableness.2.4.2.3 Land Office and DistrictAmong the maps, functions and duties of Land Office and District are supplying services in direction, finance, services, licensing, records direction and security functionaries with the purpose of easing travel a nd fiscal disposal and program, manage, co-ordinate and implement policies for socio-economic development of local communities particularly in rural countries to accomplish the NEP by supplying basic installations needed.Land office and District responsible to make an efficient land disposal system to guarantee efficient and effectual mode all affairs ( traffics ) are concerned with the land and guarantee that all studies made by members of the populace are investigated and action taken quickly. They besides need to maximise gross aggregation and better aggregation of arrears of gross and update history records the consequences of the Land Office from clip to clip with the right and subject the returns within the specified clip.Land Office and District can be divided to three chief divisions which are Management Services Division, Land Management Division, and Development Division. Under the Land Management Division, there are Land Development Unit, Land Disposal Unit, Land Registra tion Unit & A Heritage, taxation Unit, and Enforcement Unit.The maps of Enforcement Unit are place the location of jobs and ailments, monitoring and carry oning probes, behavior patrols every hebdomad two times and guarantee that all activities that performed has valid license.Among the functions and duties of Enforcement Unit are look into the land in relation to the application of province land, permits for prospecting, transition, impermanent housing licence applications, subdivision, subdivision, consolidation, reserve, land acquisition, implement enforcement on illegal land geographic expedition, breach of emplacement of land, the transportation of stone stuff, carry out enforcement responsibilities, the detainment, arrogation, devastation, in line power supplied under the Section 426A National Land Code ( NLC ) , investigate studies of instances associating to set down jurisprudence ( NLC ) , regulate affairs associating to the merchandises of stone stuffs and responsible f or capturing, destruction, and provide basic coverage breaches and illegal business and misdemeanor types of status harmonizing to Section 426A NLC.2.4.3 The Power or Duties of Agencies2.4.3.1 Monitoring2.4.3.2 EnforcementThe Forest Enactment empowers forest and constabularies officers to carry on hunts without warrant ( except in homes ) , seize forest green goods, and equipment and check suspected wrongdoers where they are improbable to look on biddings or decline to place themselves right ( Section 36 ) . Forest officers do non hold the powers of be constabulary officers to attest to statements made by an accused ( californium. Malaysia Crim. Pro. Code, F, M, S. Cap. 6 ) , although some ictuss might hold the same consequence.2.4.4 The Punishments2.4.4.1 List of punishments for each improper activitySectionInformation ABOUT SectionPunishment15Take any forest green goods from a unchangeable reserved forest or a State landFine non transcending 4 five hundred 1000 ringgit and to i mprisonment for a term which shall non be less than one twelvemonth but shall non transcend twenty old ages.25 ( 2 )Fails to follow with a Form 2 noticeFine non transcending 5 50 thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term non transcending 6 five old ages or to both such mulct and imprisonment and if the offense is a go oning one, to a farther mulct non transcending 7 one 1000 ringgit for every twenty-four hours.32 ( 1 )Occupy or transport out any activity upon any land within a lasting reserved forest without permissionFine non transcending 8 50 thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term non transcending 9 five old ages or to both such mulct and imprisonment40 ( 1 )Remove any forest green goods without removal licence from any( a ) anomic land ( B ) land held under a impermanent business licence ( degree Celsius ) excavation land or( vitamin D ) reserved land,Fine non transcending 10 five hundred 1000 ringgit and to imprisonment for a term which shall non be less than one t welvemonth but shall non transcend twenty old ages.47 ( 1 ) & A ( 4 )Enter any closed wood without permissionFine non transcending 11 10s thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term non transcending three 12 old ages or to both such mulct and imprisonment.50 ( 4 )Use of forest roads without route license13Fine non transcending ten thousand ringgit81 ( 1 )Acts prohibited in lasting reserved woods( a ) graze cowss or license cowss to graze ( B ) fell, cut, ring, grade, lop or tap any tree or pervert by fire, or otherwise, or take any tree or lumber ( degree Celsius ) cause any harm in droping any tree or film editing or dragging any lumber ( vitamin D ) hunt for, collect, capable to any fabricating procedure or take any forest green goods or minerals ( vitamin E ) clear or interrupt up any land for cultivation or any other intent ( degree Fahrenheit ) use toxicant substance, or dynamite or other explosives on rivers or lakes for the intent of fishing or Hunt, shoot, fish or set traps or traps or( g ) trespass in any mode non in this subdivision hereinbeforeprohibitedFine non transcending 14 10s thousand ringgitAFine non transcending 15 50 thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term non transcending 16 five old ages or to both such mulct and imprisonmentAFine non transcending ten thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term non transcending three old ages or to both such mulct and imprisonment82 ( 1 )Carry any fire, or leave any fire combustion, within a lasting reserved forestFine non transcending 17 50 thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term non transcending 18 five old ages or to both such mulct and imprisonment.Table 5 Summary of illegal business in the wood and punishment harmonizing to Act 313 National Forestry Act 1984 and National Forestry ( Amendment ) Act 1993 Act A864 The tabular array above shows that the punishments that imposed to the illegal residents or any individual who are interrupt the jurisprudence is really high and can leap to twofold, trifold and even much more higher after the amendment of National Forestry Act in 1993. For illustration, the people who are take any forest green goods from a lasting reserved forest or a State land harmonizing to subdivision 15 is all right non transcending five 100 1000 ringgit and to imprisonment for a term which shall non be less than one twelvemonth but shall non transcend twenty old ages but antecedently was 10 thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term non transcending three old ages or to both before the National Forestry ( Amendment ) Act 1993 Act A864 implemented.2.5 Analysis of Legal Framework2.5.1 FailingYearNo. Of CasesNotes1987172BEFORE Amendment to National Forestry Act 1984198813619892331990172199151219921911993149AFTER Amendment to National Forestry Act 1984199441199534199614199722199823199926200037200115200213200321Table 4 Number of Illegal Logging Cases in Peninsular Malaysia Harmonizing To Year ( 1987 2003 )This has shown that authorities s attempt to forestall illegal forest activities in the forest particularly illegal logging in Peninsular Malaysia from acquiring worse nevertheless in fact the illegal business in the wood is still go on. Since there is stricter punishments for those illegal residents after amendment of National Forestry Act in 1993 but why illegal business still can go on even in the reserved land. This has revealed that is the failing of system monitoring and enforcement from relevant governments like land office and forestry section who have the power to superintend and implement against illegal residents.2.5.2 ProposalHarmonizing to newspaper Utusan Malaysia dated ( 15-10-2009 ) , Y.B. Tan Sri Joseph Kurup who is Deputy Minister of Natural Resources and Environment ( NRE ) said that his ministry likes to amend and contour the commissariats of the National Forestry Act 1984 to turn to the issue of illegal logging. He besides added that they want to set up enforcement teams in the wood terri tory and province degrees and winging squad in the Forestry Department for battling illegal logging instances in add-on to placing countries with high happening of such events.That has showed that authorities wants to beef up their system of monitoring and enforcement particularly illegal logging instances. However there are still holding other illegal forestry activities happen such as illegal business of forestland, fire combustion, and so on which will give a great impact to the environment and single. Therefore there is a survey or research to supervise other illegal forestry activities and better the enforcement against the illegal residents.2.6 DrumheadFrom the survey that have been done, illegal wood activities which include illegal business, illegal logging, etc need look earnestly by the relevant governments, organisation or non-governmental organisation ( NGO ) and even the populace who are concern about the illegal business in the wood. Since these activities can do har m or destruct the habitation of biodiversity of vegetations and zoologies in the wood, therefore indispensable stairss need to transport out to protect them from being destroy or extinct. Government or related governments have done their attempt to forestall the illegal business in the wood by enforcing heavier punishments to the illegal residents by the amendment of National Forestry Act 1984 in 1993 and National Land Code ( Amendment ) act 2008. The consequence after the amendment is figure of illegal logging instances in Peninsular Malaysia bead dramatically in that period but illegal businesss in the wood still go on and seems similar addition late. Hence there is of import to analyze or reassess system monitoring and enforcement of the governments from land office and forestry section because of the impact of illegal business in the wood. In the undermentioned chapter, the instance survey will concentrate on the wood of Negeri Sembilan where illegal businesss take topographic p oint to happen out the causes and betterment of system monitoring if demand.

Uncle Bob

I am so excited to go on vacation in Miami, Florida Best of all, my Uncle sour grass is coming with me Uncle Bob lives in calcium and is excessively excited to go on vacation because he has never been issue of the state before. Uncle Bob and I were having a great time on our vacation visiting the beautiful beaches and atomic number 18a attractions. In the middle of our vacation, Uncle Bob and I were heading back to the condominium we rented when we got pulled over by the Miami Police.Uncle Bob utter with the officer for a while then was arrested I couldnt understand wherefore he was arrested he was hardly fastness Uncle Bob and I had a drink when we at the beach, but that was two hours prior to us leaving so there was no dash he was drunk Uncle Bob had been in some trouble before, but that was in California. Was it feasible that his attest wasnt valid? Maybe, but how did a Miami, Florida patrol officer hunch enough round Uncle Bob to arrest him?With Uncle Bobs situatio n, I have started doing some research of my own engineering has dramatically changed how law enforcement collects, stores, and retrieves information. legality Enforcement personnel are able to easily find information about individuals nationwide. The Miami, Florida Police Department has a fully integrated natural law records management system which allows law enforcement officers to advance information on an individuals criminal, probation, court, vehicle, and prison records, as well as local and other self-assurance records.Therefore, the officer who stopped Uncle Bob for amphetamine was able to access his previous records from the state of California through the use of his mobile office the mobile tuner system, and mobile data computer in his patrol vehicle (Foster, 2005). A Law Enforcement Officer has the ability to access information about an individual by use of their drivers license or state identification number, or even their name and date of birth. When Uncle Bob and I were pulled over, the officer ran his drivers license number to look into for validation and warrants.If Uncle Bobs previous charges left him with a suspended license in California, then that would rationalize why he was arrested here in Florida. Likewise, if Uncle Bob didnt take care of his responsibilities for the charges in California, he may have a warrant which would also explain his arrest in Florida. However, perchance Uncle Bob didnt have a suspended license or any warrants issued from California why did he get arrested then? I know we werent in a stolen car because we rented it from the airport when we arrived in Miami.Maybe there was a crime that took consecrate in this area, and a witness gave Law Enforcement a description of the suspect that is similar to Uncle Bob or the rental car? If thats the case, then the arrest officer must have questioned him of our activities that twenty-four hours to see if we were in the area of which the crime took place. Uncle Bob m ay have been suspected of being the perpetrator, and was taken to the practice of law department for further questioning. It is also possible that Uncle Bob actually did commit a crime while here in Miami, and that was why he was speeding to try and get away.However, Uncle Bob has been with me the strong time so I know he didnt commit a crime here perchance Uncle Bob is still on probation in California, and not allowed to leave the state if that is so, then the arresting officer could have accessed Uncle Bobs probation records, contacted his probation officer, and arrested him on a probation violation of leaving the state of California. Also, if he is on probation, the probation officer may have found out that he left California and put out a warrant for his arrest explaining why he was arrested here in Miami.My abide possible thought regarding Uncle Bobs arrest would be a clerical data entry error. The last time Uncle Bob was arrested he was incarcerated and served his time. Ho wever, the individual entering case information may have incorrectly scuttlebutt his data or input other persons data with a similar name, under his name, causing Uncle Bob to be wanted in connection with another crime. References Foster, R. E. (2005). Police technology (1st ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson/ Prentice Hall.Uncle BobI am so excited to go on vacation in Miami, Florida Best of all, my Uncle Bob is coming with me Uncle Bob lives in California and is also excited to go on vacation because he has never been out of the state before. Uncle Bob and I were having a great time on our vacation visiting the beautiful beaches and area attractions. In the middle of our vacation, Uncle Bob and I were heading back to the condo we rented when we got pulled over by the Miami Police.Uncle Bob spoke with the officer for a while then was arrested I couldnt understand why he was arrested he was just speeding Uncle Bob and I had a drink when we at the beach, but that was two hours pr ior to us leaving so there was no way he was drunk Uncle Bob had been in some trouble before, but that was in California. Was it possible that his license wasnt valid? Maybe, but how did a Miami, Florida police officer know enough about Uncle Bob to arrest him?With Uncle Bobs situation, I have started doing some research of my own technology has dramatically changed how law enforcement collects, stores, and retrieves information. Law Enforcement personnel are able to easily find information about individuals nationwide. The Miami, Florida Police Department has a fully integrated police records management system which allows law enforcement officers to gather information on an individuals criminal, probation, court, vehicle, and prison records, as well as local and other agency records.Therefore, the officer who stopped Uncle Bob for speeding was able to access his previous records from the state of California through the use of his mobile office the mobile radio system, and mobile d ata computer in his patrol vehicle (Foster, 2005). A Law Enforcement Officer has the ability to access information about an individual by use of their drivers license or state identification number, or even their name and date of birth. When Uncle Bob and I were pulled over, the officer ran his drivers license number to check for validation and warrants.If Uncle Bobs previous charges left him with a suspended license in California, then that would explain why he was arrested here in Florida. Likewise, if Uncle Bob didnt take care of his responsibilities for the charges in California, he may have a warrant which would also explain his arrest in Florida. However, maybe Uncle Bob didnt have a suspended license or any warrants issued from California why did he get arrested then? I know we werent in a stolen car because we rented it from the airport when we arrived in Miami.Maybe there was a crime that took place in this area, and a witness gave Law Enforcement a description of the suspe ct that is similar to Uncle Bob or the rental car? If thats the case, then the arresting officer must have questioned him of our activities that day to see if we were in the area of which the crime took place. Uncle Bob may have been suspected of being the perpetrator, and was taken to the police department for further questioning. It is also possible that Uncle Bob actually did commit a crime while here in Miami, and that was why he was speeding to try and get away.However, Uncle Bob has been with me the whole time so I know he didnt commit a crime here Perhaps Uncle Bob is still on probation in California, and not allowed to leave the state if that is so, then the arresting officer could have accessed Uncle Bobs probation records, contacted his probation officer, and arrested him on a probation violation of leaving the state of California. Also, if he is on probation, the probation officer may have found out that he left California and put out a warrant for his arrest explaining w hy he was arrested here in Miami.My last possible thought regarding Uncle Bobs arrest would be a clerical data entry error. The last time Uncle Bob was arrested he was incarcerated and served his time. However, the individual entering case information may have incorrectly input his data or input another persons data with a similar name, under his name, causing Uncle Bob to be wanted in connection with another crime. References Foster, R. E. (2005). Police technology (1st ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson/ Prentice Hall.

Politeness in Life Essay

Politeness has been well defined as benevolence in trifles. Like benevolence on a larger scale, it includes a feeling in the mind as well as the performance of those outward actions by which that feeling is manifested. The internal feeling, which is an requisite part of true discretion, is the same all over the world, however much its manifestations may differ.It is the desire to put those whom we meet perfectly at their ease, and save them from all kind of petty discomfort and annoyance. Benevolence in its ordinary sense implies love of our fellow-men and a desire to do all we can to promote their aeonian happiness.The limited part of benevolence called politeness requires only an inclination to make them happy temporarily, while they are in our presence, and when this can be done without every sacrifice on our part or only with a slight sacrifice of personal comfort.It is possible that politeness may be dissociated from general uprightness of character, as in the case of Charl es II., who exhibited his remarkable urbanity of manner even on his death-bed by apologising for being a most unconscionable time dying.In certain(a) cases there may even be a conflict between politeness and ordinary benevolence. For instance, a doctor may, by politely sacrificing his place in a conveyance to a lady, arrive late at a sickbed where his presence is urgently required. In such cases, of course, politeness should wages to the higher obligation.The particular actions in which politeness is manifested differ according to circumstances and according to the customs of different countries. As long as society recognises distinctions in rank, politeness requires us to show marks of respect to our superiors, that are not expected in the presence of our equals and inferiors.Different rules of behaviour have to be observed, according as we are in the street or in the drawing-room, at home or at school, in the company of friends or of strangers. There is also to be considered the immense diversity of social etiquette which distinguishes one country from another.A polite Frenchman in his own country raises his hat to a shop-girl when he enters a shop, plainly if he did so in England, he would be laughed at, and the object of his polite attention would probably resent his conduct.The difference in these matters is so great between the East and the West, that it is very difficult for Europeans and Indians to meet in social intercourse without unintentionally offending one another. In such circumstances a more liberal interpretation of the rule of politeness requires a large amount of mutual indulgence.Politeness, besides being a duty that we owe to others, is a valuable possession for ourselves. It costs nothing, and yet may in many cases bring much profit.The great advantage of this excellence of conduct was very all the way expressed by Dr. Johnson, when he said that the difference between a well-bred and an ill- bred man is that one immediately attracts your liking, the other your aversion.You love the one, he observes, savings bank you find reason to hate him you hate the other till you find reason to love him. In this way, the well-bred man has in his politeness what is like to a valuable letter of introduction, that recommends him to every one with whom he comes into contact.